American Opinion Toward Israeli Operations in Gaza

Note: We are presenting raw data. To analyze the data, we encourage users to read the entire study and the methodology used. Results and reliability can be affected by sample size, question wording, and question order. Context and timing may also influence responses, for example, if the survey is conducted during a war.

Operation Iron Sword

Regardless of who you support, which candidate do you trust to do a better job of handling: (AP-NORC, September 12-16, 2024)

Thinking about voting in the upcoming election, how important are each of the following issues? (AP-NORC, September 12-16, 2024)

For each of the following pairs of statements, choose which statement comes closest to your view. (Heritage Foundation, September 9-13, 2024)

Do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling the Israeli-Hamas conflict? [% Strongly or Somewhat approve] (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023, February 21-22, 2024, April 24-25, 2024, June 28-30, 2024, July 26-28, 2024)

In this conflict, do you support more Israel or more Hamas? (harrisx for JFNA, November 13, 2023; Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, February 21-22, 2024; March 20-21, 2024; April 24-25, 2024; May 15-16, 2024, June 28-30, 2024, July 26-28, 2024)

Do you think Israel is trying to avoid civilian casualties in fighting its war against Hamas or not trying to avoid such casualties? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, December 13-14, 2023; February 21-22, 2024; March 20-21, 2024; April 24-25, 2024; May 15-16, 2024; June 28-30, 2024, July 26-28, 2024)

Do you favor an unconditional ceasefire in the Israel-Hamas war that would leave everyone in place, or do you think any ceasefire should happen only after the release of all hostages and Hamas removed from power? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, December 13-14, 2023; February 21-22, 2024; March 20-21, 2024; April 24-25, 2024; May 15-16, 2024; June 28-30, 2024, July 26-28, 2024)

Should Hamas be allowed to continue to run Gaza or does Hamas need to be removed from running Gaza? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, December 13-14, 2023; February 21-22, 2024; March 20-21, 2024; May 15-16, 2024; June 28-30, 2024, July 26-28, 2024))

If Hamas is removed, should Gaza be administered by Israel, by the Palestinian Authority or by some new authority set up through negotiations with Arab nations? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, December 13-14, 2023, February 21-22, 2024, March 20-21, 2024, April 24-25, 2024, May 15-16, 2024; June 28-30, 2024; July 26-28, 2024)

Should Israel move forward with an operation in Rafah to finish the war with Hamas, doing its best to avoid civilian casualties even though there will be casualties, or should it back off now and allow Hamas to continue running Gaza? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, March 20-21, 2024; May 15-16, 2024; June 28-30, 2024; July 26-28, 2024)

If Hezbollah keeps firing rockets into Northern Israel, should Israel retaliate until they stop firing rockets, or should they not retaliate against Hezbollah? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, June 28-30, 2024; July 26-28, 2024)

Do you think U.S. leaders are giving the conflict between Israel and Hamas too much attention, not enough attention, or about the right amount of attention? (Chicago Council, June 21-July 1, 2024)

Thinking about the Israel-Gaza war, do you think the United States is: (Chicago Council, June 21-July 1, 2024)

Do you favor or oppose the United States: (Chicago Council, June 21-July 1, 2024)

Do you think the United States is doing too much, about the right amount, or not enough to provide humanitarian aid to the Palestinians? (NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist, May 21-23, 2024)

Which statement comes closest to your view about the United States´ role in the war between Israel and Hamas? (NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist, May 21-23, 2024)

President Biden has said he will not provide weapons to Israel if it moves forward with a military operation in Rafah. Do you think such statements mainly embolden Hamas and backers like Iran to continue the war and violent actions or are they serving to (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, May 15-16, 2024)

Do you think such statements help or hurt ongoing negotiations to get the hostages back? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, May 15-16, 2024)

Do you think Biden should continue to provide Israel with weapons, even if it enters Rafah, or should he withhold the weapons? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, May 15-16, 2024)

Do you think the crisis in Gaza is created mostly by Israel or mostly by Hamas? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, December 13-14, 2023, March 20-21, 2024; April 24-25, 2024; May 15-16, 2024)

*Who is primarily responsible for triggering the humanitarian crisis in Gaza - Hamas or Israel?

Do you think Biden's policy toward Israel is being directed just by what's best for U.S. National interest in a safe and secure Israel or also by the perceived domestic politics for his re-election and threats from the Democratic base? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, April 24-25, 2024, May 15-16, 2024)

 Do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling the war between Israel and Hamas? (Fox News, May 10-13, 2024).

Do you think the United States is too supportive of Israel, not supportive enough, or is the support about right? (Fox News, May 10-13, 2024)

 In general, do you support or oppose the student protests over the Israel-Hamas war that are taking place on U.S. college campuses? (Fox News, May 10-13, 2024).

Have the protests on college campuses made you more sympathetic or less sympathetic to the Palestinians -- or have they not really made a difference either way? (Fox News, May 10-13, 2024).

Please tell me whether you think each of the following accurately describes the campus protests - Pro-Palestinian. (Fox News, May 10-13, 2024).

Please tell me whether you think each of the following accurately describes the campus protests - Anti-Israeli. (Fox News, May 10-13, 2024).

Please tell me whether you think each of the following accurately describes the campus protests - Anti-war. (Fox News, May 10-13, 2024).

Please tell me whether you think each of the following accurately describes the campus protests - Anti-Semitic. (Fox News, May 10-13, 2024).

Please tell me whether you think each of the following accurately describes the campus protests - Anti-American. (Fox News, May 10-13, 2024).

Please tell me whether you think each of the following accurately describes the campus protests - Pro-Hamas. (Fox News, May 10-13, 2024).

Do you support or oppose recent pro‑Palestinian protests on U.S. college campuses? (YouGov, April 28-30, 2024).

Do you think that the Israeli government’s military response to the attack by Hamas has been...?(Economist/YouGov, April 28-30, 2024)

About how many of the pro-Palestinian protesters on college campuses do you think have been peaceful? (Economist/YouGov, April 28-30, 2024)

Do you think the way college administrators have responded to pro‑Palestinian campus protests has been…? (YouGov, April 28-30, 2024).

Do you think the number of 30,000 casualties in Gaza supplied by Hamas is accurate or is exaggerated by the group? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, March 20-21, 2024, April 24-25, 2024)

Do you favor or oppose a permanent ceasefire in Gaza? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, April 24-25, 2024)

Would you favor or oppose that ceasefire if it meant that Hamas was allowed to continue to hold hostages and Hamas were to continue to run Gaza? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, April 24-25, 2024)

How much, if at all, is the news about the war between Israel and Hamas emotionally affecting you? Is it affecting you...  (Benenson Strategy Group for JFNA, February 23-March 12, 2024).

 To what extent do you feel empathy for:  (Benenson Strategy Group for JFNA, February 23-March 12, 2024).

In this conflict, do you support Israel or Hamas more?  (Benenson Strategy Group for JFNA, February 23-March 12, 2024).

To what extent, if at all, are you comfortable sharing that view publicly?  (Benenson Strategy Group for JFNA, February 23-March 12, 2024).

Which of the following negotiated preconditions would you like to see satisfied in agreeing to a long-term cease-fire?  (Benenson Strategy Group for JFNA, February 23-March 12, 2024).

Do you believe Israel’s response so far to the October 7 attack by Hamas has been justified? [18-29 Year-Olds]  (Harvard Youth Poll, March 14-21, 2024)

 Do you support or oppose a permanent ceasefire in Gaza? [18-29 Year-Olds]  (Harvard Youth Poll, March 14-21, 2024)

Do you think that Congress should or should not pass $14 billion in aid for Israel and for humanitarian aid for Gaza to help Israel defeat Hamas? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, December 13-14, 2023, February 21-22, 2024, March 20-21, 2024)

*Do you support or oppose $14 billion in aid to Israel to help it in its war with Hamas?
 

Overall, do you think it was appropriate or inappropriate for Majority Leader Schumer to call for new elections in Israel to remove Netanyahu? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, March 20-21, 2024)

Do you think this criticism of Israel was fair or gave aid and comfort to Hamas? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, March 20-21, 2024)

How do you think the crisis should be ended in Israel - by Israel removing its prime minister and having new elections or by Hamas being forced to release all hostages? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, March 20-21, 2024)

Do you think Biden's policy toward Israel is being directed more by what's best for Israel and the world or by domestic politics and threats from the Democratic base? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, March 20-21, 2024)

Do you approve or disapprove of the military action Israel has taken in Gaza? (Gallup, November 1-21, 2023, March 1-20, 2024)

Do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling ... the situation in the Middle East between the Israelis and the Palestinians? (Gallup, November 1-21, 2023, March 1-20, 2024)

Which of the following approaches best fits your view of the next step Israel should take in the war in the Gaza Strip against Hamas: (Grinnell College, March 11-17, 2024)

Do you approve or disapprove of the job Joe Biden is doing on each of the following? (Wall Street Journal, November 29-December 4, 2023, February 21-28, 2024)
The war between Israel and Hamas

Thinking about the war between Israel and Hamas, do you think the United States is doing too much, too little, or about the right amount to support the Israeli people? (Wall Street Journal, November 29-December 4, 2023, February 21-28, 2024)

Thinking about the war between Israel and Hamas, do you think the United States is doing too much, too little, or about the right amount to support the Palestinian people? (Wall Street Journal, November 29-December 4, 2023, February 21-28, 2024)

Do you think Israel's actions in the Gaza Strip in response to the October 7th attack by Hamas have gone too far, not gone far enough, or been about right? (Wall Street Journal, February 21-28, 2024)

Do you think the way Hamas carried out its attack on Israel on Oct. 7 was… (Pew, Feb. 13-25, 2024)

Regardless of how acceptable you find the way Hamas carried out the Oct. 7 attack, do you think Hamas’ reasons for fighting Israel are… (Pew, Feb. 13-25, 2024)

Regardless of how acceptable you find the way Israel is carrying out the war in Gaza, do you think Israel’s reasons for fighting Hamas are…  (Pew, Feb. 13-25, 2024)

Do you think the way Israel is carrying out its response to  Hamas’ Oct. 7 attack is… (Pew, Feb. 13-25, 2024)

Do you think Joe Biden is…  (Pew, November 27-December 3, 2023, Feb. 13-25, 2024)

Do you favor or oppose the U.S. providing military aid to Israel to help in its war against Hamas? (Pew, Feb. 13-25, 2024)

Do you favor or oppose the U.S. providing humanitarian aid to help Palestinian civilians in Gaza? (Pew, Feb. 13-25, 2024)

Think now about the long-term consequences of the current war… Overall, do you think the way the Israeli government is carrying out the war against Hamas will make the Israeli people… (Pew, Feb. 13-25, 2024)

Overall, do you think Hamas’ Oct. 7 attack against Israel and the subsequent war will make the creation of an independent Palestinian state… (Pew, Feb. 13-25, 2024)

Do you think that the attacks on Jews were genocidal in nature or not genocidal? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023, December 13-14, 2023, January 17-18, 2024, February 21-22, 2024)

Do you think the Hamas killing of 1200 Israeli civilians and the kidnapping of another 250 civilians can be justified by the grievances of Palestinians or is it not justified? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023, December 13-14, 2023, January 17-18, 2024, February 21-22, 2024)

Do you think the recent attack on Israel was a terrorist attack or not? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, February 21-22, 2024)

Do you support Israel continuing its ground invasion into Southern Gaza to root out the final elements of Hamas or oppose it because 1.2 million civilians have taken shelter there and will be under significant risk of harm if Israel pushes forward? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, February 21-22, 2024)

Does hearing or reading news about the Israel-Hamas war make you feel… (Pew, February 13-25, 2024)

Should the U.S. play a major role, a minor role or no role at all in diplomatically resolving the Israel-Hamas war? (Pew, February 13-25, 2024)

Thinking about the situation with Israelis and Palestinians these days, do you have a favorable or unfavorable opinion of each of the following? (Pew, February 13-25, 2024)

Israel has indicated its intention to continue the military offensive in Gaza, specifically in the town of Rafah after evacuating as many civilians from the area as possible. However, the United States has proposed a UN resolution that "...determines that under current circumstances a major ground offensive into Rafah would result in further harm to civilians and their further displacement including potentially into neighboring countries." Considering the United States position, would you support Israel's plan to continue its military offensive? (JCPA, February 2024)

If Israel offered to stop fighting in exchange for the unconditional surrender of Hamas and the immediate release of all hostages--and Hamas refused the offer, would that justify continued Israeli military action in Gaza and Rafah against Hamas? (JCPA, February 2024)

In this conflict do you side more with Israel or Hamas? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023, December 13-14, 2023, January 17-18, 2024)

Do you think Hamas is supported by the majority of Palestinians in Gaza or is Hamas a terror group that rules the people of Gaza with force and fear and is not supported by them? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023, December 13-14, 2023)

Do you think the recent attack on Israel was a terrorist attack or not? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023, December 13-14, 2023, January 17-18, 2024)

Do you think the United States is doing too much, about the right amount or not enough to resolve this conflict? (Gallup, December 1-20, 2023)

Do you think the United States supports [Israel/the Palestinians] too much, about the right amount or too little? (Gallup, December 1-20, 2023)

Does Israel have a right to defend itself against rocket and terror attacks on its cities by launching air strikes on terrorist targets in heavily populated Palestinian areas with warnings to those citizens or does it not have the right to launch such attacks? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023, December 13-14, 2023)

Do you believe that the US should be supporting Israel in its war against Hamas or not supporting Israel? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, December 13-14, 2023)

Who is primarily responsible for putting civilians in Gaza in harm’s way - Hamas or Israel? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, December 13-14, 2023)

Who is primarily responsible for triggering the humanitarian crisis in Gaza - Hamas or Israel? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, December 13-14, 2023)

Should Israel cease all hostilities now or keep going until Hamas is defeated and the hostages released? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, December 13-14, 2023)

Do you think that Hamas would like to commit genocide against the Jews in Israel or is that not a goal of Hamas? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, December 13-14, 2023)

Do you believe that Hamas attackers on October 7th committed rapes and other crimes against women or is that not the case? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, December 13-14, 2023)

Do you think Hamas uses civilians in Gaza as human shields to hide from justice or is it not doing that? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, December 13-14, 2023)

Do you think Hamas is an organization that can be negotiated with to create peace or is Hamas dedicated only to the destruction of Israel? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, December 13-14, 2023)

Do you think Hamas is acting alone or with the support of Iran? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, December 13-14, 2023)

Do you think that Israel is committing genocide against those in Gaza or is it just trying to defend itself and eliminate Hamas? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, December 13-14, 2023)

Do you approve or disapprove of the president's handling of the Israel-Hamas war? (Democratic Majority for Israel, December 7-12, 2023)

Do you want the U.S. to support Israel in its war against Hamas? (Democratic Majority for Israel, December 7-12, 2023)

Do you prefer a ceasefire with Hamas immediately or only after the terrorist group was disarmed and dismantled? (Democratic Majority for Israel, December 7-12, 2023)

Asked of those who disapprove of the president’s handling. Do you disapprove because the president supports Israel too much, or the Palestinians too much, or is unrelated to his performance on the issue? (Democratic Majority for Israel, December 7-12, 2023)

Regardless of how you feel about President Biden's handling of the conflict, does Biden's support for Israel make you more likely to vote for him, less likely to vote for him, or doesn't it make much of a difference in who you will vote for? (Democratic Majority for Israel, December 7-12, 2023)

Which of the following statements about Israel comes CLOSEST to your opinion? (Wall Street Journal, November 29-December 4, 2023)

Overall, do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling the conflict between the Israelis and Palestinians? (AP/NORC, November 30-December 4, 2023)

Thinking about the conflict between the Israelis and the Palestinians, do you think the United States is too supportive, not supportive enough or about right in its support? (AP-NORC, June 10-14, 2021, August 10-14, 2023, November 30-December 4, 2023)

Thinking about the foreign policy goals of the United States, please tell me how important it is for the United States to do each the following: (AP/NORC, November 30-December 4, 2023)

How much responsibility do each of the following have for Israel and Hamas currently being at war? (Pew, November 27-December 3, 2023)

Thinking about Israel’s current military operation against Hamas, is Israel… (Pew, November 27-December 3, 2023)

Thinking about the war between Israel and Hamas, how concerned are you about the possibility of each of the following? (Pew, November 27-December 3, 2023)

Do you think the United States is doing too much, about the right amount or not enough to provide military aid to Israel? (Gallup, November 1-21, 2023)

Do you think the United States is doing too much, about the right amount or not enough to provide humanitarian aid to the Palestinians? (Gallup, November 1-21, 2023)

Do you think the recent attack on Israel was a terrorist attack or not? (harrisx for Jewish Federations of North America and Conference of Presidents, November 13, 2023)

Do you think the recent attack on Israel focused on the Israeli military or indiscriminately targeted civilians? (harrisx for Jewish Federations of North America and Conference of Presidents, November 13, 2023)

Do you think the Hamas killing of 1200 Israeli civilians and the kidnapping of another 250 is justified by the grievances of Palestinians or is it not justified and a pure act of terror? (harrisx for Jewish Federations of North America and Conference of Presidents, November 13, 2023)

Do you think Hamas is designated as a terrorist group by the U.S. government or is that not the case? (harrisx for Jewish Federations of North America and Conference of Presidents, November 13, 2023)

Do you think that the attacks on Israelis and Jews were genocidal in nature or not genocidal? (harrisx for Jewish Federations of North America and Conference of Presidents, November 13, 2023)

Is Israel or Hamas Responsible For…? (harrisx for Jewish Federations of North America and Conference of Presidents, November 13, 2023)

Does HAMAS respect the rights of religious and ethnic minorities like Christians and Arabs or punishes them? (harrisx for Jewish Federations of North America and Conference of Presidents, November 13, 2023)

HAMAS: Allows gay people to live together openly or punishes them? (harrisx for Jewish Federations of North America and Conference of Presidents, November 13, 2023)

Does Israel have a responsibility to protect its citizens from terrorist attacks and rockets by retaliating against Hamas terrorists or not? (harrisx for Jewish Federations of North America and Conference of Presidents, November 13, 2023)

Does Israel have a right to defend itself against attacks by launching air strikes on terrorist targets in heavily populated areas? (harrisx for Jewish Federations of North America and Conference of Presidents, November 13, 2023)

Does Israel have a responsibility to bring back its abducted citizens home from Gaza or not? (harrisx for Jewish Federations of North America and Conference of Presidents, November 13, 2023)

Does the United States have a responsibility to bring back the hostages, which include 10 Americans, or not? (harrisx for Jewish Federations of North America and Conference of Presidents, November 13, 2023)

Do you support or oppose Israel sending troops to Gaza to liberate the 250 hostages and eliminate the Hamas threat or not? (harrisx for Jewish Federations of North America and Conference of Presidents, November 13, 2023)

Do you favor or oppose: $14b aid package for Israel? (harrisx for Jewish Federations of North America and Conference of Presidents, November 13, 2023)

Is Iran behind the terrorist attacks in the region? (harrisx for Jewish Federations of North America and Conference of Presidents, November 13, 2023)

Does Hamas use civilians in Gaza as human shields to hide from justice or not doing that? (harrisx for Jewish Federations of North America and Conference of Presidents, November 13, 2023)

Is Hamas supported by the majority of Palestinians or a terror group that rules with force and fear and not supported? (harrisx for Jewish Federations of North America and Conference of Presidents, November 13, 2023)

To what extent has there been a rise in anti-Semitism in the U.S. because of the Israel-Hamas War? (harrisx for Jewish Federations of North America and Conference of Presidents, November 13, 2023)

Do you approve or disapprove of how President Biden is handling the war between Israel and Hamas? (NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist, November 6-9, 2023)

Do you think Congress: (NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist, November 6-9, 2023)

Do you think Israel´s military response to the attack by Hamas has been too much, too little, or about right? (NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist, November 6-9, 2023)

Do you approve or disapprove of the way Israel is responding to the October 7th Hamas terrorist attack? (Quinnipiac, November 2, 2023)

Do you support or oppose the United States sending more military aid to Israel for their efforts in the war with Hamas? (Quinnipiac, November 2, 2023)

Do you support or oppose the United States providing humanitarian assistance to help Palestinian civilians in Gaza? (Quinnipiac, November 2, 2023)

Do you agree with Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu’s Oct. 30 statement: “Calls for a ceasefire are calls for Israel to surrender to Hamas, to surrender to terrorism, to surrender to barbarism. That will not happen.” (not exact wording) (Rasmussen Reports, October 31-November 2)

The U.S. should call for a ceasefire and a de-escalation of violence in Gaza. The U.S. should leverage its close diplomatic relationship with Israel to prevent further violence and civilian deaths. (Data for Progress, October 18-19, 2023)

Overall, how would you rate your attitude towards President Biden’s response to the current violence in Palestine and Israel? [Arab Americans only] (John Zogby Strategies, October 23-27, 2023)

Regarding the current violence in Palestine and Israel, should the United States send weapons and military supplies to Israel? [Arab Americans only]  (John Zogby Strategies, October 23-27, 2023)

Regarding the current violence in Palestine and Israel, should the United States use its influence to call for a ceasefire in Gaza? [Arab Americans only] (John Zogby Strategies, October 23-27, 2023)

Have you been concerned about expressing support for Palestinians since the most recent violence started? [Arab Americans only] (John Zogby Strategies, October 23-27, 2023)

Given the current climate in the U.S. in response to the recent violence in Palestine and Israel, how concerned are you about facing discrimination at school or work or in your community? [Arab Americans only] (John Zogby Strategies, October 23-27, 2023)

Given the current climate in the U.S. in response to the recent violence in Palestine and Israel, how concerned are you about your personal safety? [Arab Americans only](John Zogby Strategies, October 23-27, 2023)

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: “Colleges and universities that have put out statements on political issues in the past should put out statements condemning Hamas’ recent acts of terror in Israel.” (Buckley Institute, October 19-24, 2023)

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: “In recent years, many colleges and universities in America have put out statements on issues like Black Lives Matter, the war in Ukraine and terrorism in Israel. Generally speaking, I support colleges and universities taking stances on political issues – controversial or not.” (Buckley Institute, October 19-24, 2023)

As you may know, several student organizations at Harvard University signed a controversial letter that blames Israel entirely for the recent deadly attacks by Hamas on Israeli citizens. Multiple business leaders who have ties to Harvard University have expressed outrage and have said that they will NOT hire any students at their companies who have signed this letter. Do you support or oppose business leaders deciding NOT to hire Harvard students who signed this letter blaming Israel for the deadly attacks by Hamas? (Buckley Institute, October 19-24, 2023)

In general, what role do you want the United States to play in mediating the Israeli-Palestinian conflict? Should the United States? (University of Maryland, June 21-27, 2023, October 20-22, 2023)

Do you think the recent attack on Israel was a terrorist attack or not? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Do you think the recent attack focused on the Israeli military or indiscriminately targeted civilians? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Do you think it’s true that Hamas terrorists killed 1200 Israeli civilians by shooting them, raping and beheading people
including whole families, kids and babies or is that a false story? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Do you think Hamas fighters are more appropriately called militants or terrorists? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Do you think Hamas fighters are more appropriately called an armed Palestinian group or a terrorist group? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Do you think Hamas is designated as a terrorist group by the U.S. government or is that not the case? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Do you think that college students who blamed Israel for the violence killing 1200 of their civilians were condoning violence and terrorism or not supporting violence and terrorism? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Should law firms hire or refuse to hire law students who supported Hamas and the attacks on Israeli civilians? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling the Israeli-Hamas conflict? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Do you strongly approve, somewhat approve, somewhat disapprove or strongly disapprove of Joe Biden’s Israel policy? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Do you think Iran is behind the Hamas attacks on Israel or is Iran not behind them? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Do you think the recent attack on Israel shows there is widespread antisemitism and hatred of Jews among Palestinians or does the attack reflect the actions of only terrorists and fundamentalists and not the will of Palestinian people? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Do you think the recent attack on Israel was intended to provoke war and instability in the Middle East or not? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Does Israel have a responsibility to protect its citizens from terrorist attacks and rockets by retaliating against Hamas terrorists or not? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Does Israel have a responsibility to bring back its abducted citizens - mostly innocent children, women and the elderly -- home from Gaza or not? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Who do you think rules Gaza - Israel or Hamas? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Do you think Israel should eliminate Hamas or agree instead to end its campaign now? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Do you think it was right or wrong for Israel to cutoff power, water, and food to Gaza until its hostages are returned? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Do you approve or disapprove of the decision by Israel, at urging of President Biden, to provide food and water to Gaza even while hostages are still being held? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Some people say Hamas and Israel both have fairly equally just causes. Others says that there is no moral equivalency between the terrorist murders of Hamas and the actions of Israel. Which is closer to your view? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Does Hamas hiding among civilians in Gaza show it has no interest in the safety and well-being of Palestinian citizens of the Gaza Strip, using them as human shields, or is Hamas being protected by the citizens of Gaza? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Is Israel justified in eliminating the Hamas government in Gaza which launched the terror attacks or not? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Should America stand with Israel in this conflict, back Hamas or not be involved at all? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Hamas killed 30 Americans in its attacks and is holding more Americans as hostages. Should the US demand release of all hostages under the threat of force or should it not get involved in trying to secure release of the hostages?  (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Do you think Israel should agree to end its hostilities against Gaza now or continue until it gets the hostages back and degrades the ability of Hamas to launch rockets against it? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Does the United States have a responsibility to militarily support Israel when the country and population is under attack by terrorist groups or not? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Does the United States have a responsibility to militarily support Israel when the country and population is under attack by terrorist groups or not? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Does the United States have a responsibility to bring to safety over a dozen Americans abducted by Hamas terrorists or should it stay out of a potential middle east conflict? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Should the United States directly intervene in the conflict if Iran attacks Israel? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Do you think that the American right or American left give more support to Hamas? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

There was an explosion at a Gaza hospital. Do you think the explosion was caused by an Israeli airstrike or by a terrorist rocket that went off course? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Given that U.S. intelligence and Israeli intelligence have said and shown evidence that the hospital explosion was caused by an off-course terrorist rocket do you think the explosion was caused by an Israeli airstrike or by a terrorist rocket that went off course? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Do you think that the original declarations by Hamas that Israel bombed the hospital were true or Hamas propaganda? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Should news media have published the early hospital bombing claims of Hamas or waited for more evidence to publish their accusations? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Do you think that US media is reporting the Israel-Hamas conflict fairly or is biased towards Israel or biased towards Hamas? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Do you think Hamas is trying to make peace with Israel or is Hamas just trying to destroy Israel? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Some Democratic members of Congress like Rashid Taleb have favored Hamas and blamed Israel for the hospital attack despite the evidence to the contrary. Should they be censured in Congress for spreading false information and supporting terrorist or not censured for this action? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Do you think universities have a moral obligation to condemn the Hamas terrorist killings or should they not make any statements on it? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Do you think big U.S. corporations have a moral obligation to condemn the Hamas terrorist killings or should they not make
any statements on it? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling the Israel-Hamas war? (The Economist/YouGov, October 14-17, 2023)

Do you think that the Israeli government’s response to the attack by Hamas has been...? (The Economist/YouGov, October 14-17, 2023)

How many Palestinian people do you think support Hamas’ attack on Israel? (The Economist/YouGov, October 14-17, 2023)

How likely do you think it is that the war between Israel and Hamas will lead to a wider war involving other countries? (The Economist/YouGov, October 14-17, 2023)

When do you think the war between Israel and Hamas will end? (The Economist/YouGov, October 14-17, 2023)

Do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling the response to - the Hamas terrorist attack on Israel? (Quinnipiac, October 12 – 16, 2023)

Regardless of your overall feelings toward the Israelis and the Palestinians, who do you think is more responsible for the outbreak of violence in the Middle East: Israel or Hamas? (Quinnipiac, October 12 – 16, 2023)

Do you approve or disapprove of the United States sending weapons and military equipment to Israel in response to the Hamas terrorist attack? (Quinnipiac, October 12 – 16, 2023)

How concerned are you that the war between Israel and Hamas will escalate into a wider war in the Middle East; very concerned, somewhat concerned, not so concerned, or not concerned at all? (Quinnipiac, October 12 – 16, 2023)

Do you think the Israeli government’s military response to the Hamas attacks is: (CNN, October 12-13, 2023)

 In the current situation, how much sympathy do you feel for the Israeli people? (CNN, October 12-13, 2023)

In the current situation, how much sympathy do you feel for the Palestinian people? (CNN, October 12-13, 2023)

How much do you trust President Joe Biden to make the right decisions about the situation in Israel? (CNN, October 12-13, 2023)

 Do you think the assistance the U.S. is providing Israel in response to the current situation is: (CNN, October 12-13, 2023)

How worried are you that the fighting between Israel and Hamas will lead to terrorism in the U.S.? (CNN, October 12-13, 2023)

Do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling the war between Israel and Hamas? (ABC News/IPSOS, October 13-14, 2023)

Which political party do you trust to do a better job handling the war between Israel and Hamas? (ABC News/IPSOS, October 13-14, 2023)

Do you think the United States is doing too much, too little, or about the right amount to support Israel in its war with Hamas? (ABC News/IPSOS, October 13-14, 2023)

Do you think the United States does or does not have a responsibility to protect Israeli civilians? (ABC News/IPSOS, October 13-14, 2023)

Do you think the United States does or does not have a responsibility to protect Palestinian civilians? (ABC News/IPSOS, October 13-14, 2023)

Do you agree or disagree that American diplomats should actively be working on a plan to allow civilians fleeing fighting in Gaza to move to a safe country? (Reuters/IPSOS, October 12-13, 2023)

Should the U.S. support Israel or the Palestinians in the conflict in Gaza? (Reuters/IPSOS, October 12-13, 2023)

Do you agree or disagree that Israel should avoid killing civilians in its retaliatory strikes against Hamas? (Reuters/IPSOS, October 12-13, 2023)

Who is most responsible for the current conflict? (Reuters/IPSOS, October 12-13, 2023)

Do you approve or disapprove of how President Biden is handling the war between Israel and Hamas? (NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist Poll, October 11, 2023)

Do you think Israel´s military response to the attack by Hamas has been too much, too little, or about right? ( NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist Poll, October 11, 2023)

Are you very concerned, concerned, not very concerned, or not concerned at all that the war between Israel and Hamas will lead to a broader war in the Middle East? ( NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist Poll, October 11, 2023)

Thinking about the war between Israel and Hamas, should the United States government: ( NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist Poll, October 11, 2023)

*Over the past few weeks, there has been a significant military conflict between Israel and Hamas in the Gaza Strip.)...What should the United States do in this conflict?  Should the United States government publicly support Israel, should it say or do nothing, or should it publicly criticize Israel?

Operation Guardian of the Walls

Several members of Congress suggested withholding possible sale of arms to Israel, after its bombings of Gaza resulted in the death of over 250 people, mostly civilians, during intense fighting that also saw 12 Israelis, mostly civilians, killed by Hamas rockets. In general, do you support linking American arms supplies to Israel to Israel’s actions toward Palestinians? (University of Maryland, June 22-July 21, 2021)

Who is mostly to blame [for the recent eruption of violence between Israel and the Palestinians, including the Israeli bombings of Gaza and rockets fired at Israel]? (University of Maryland, June 22-July 21, 2021)

Considering the high level of civilian casualties and destruction, how would you evaluate President Biden’s effort to end the fighting: (University of Maryland, June 22-July 21, 2021)

Which of the following statements comes closest to your view of President Joe Biden’s approach to the current 6ghting between Israelis and Palestinians, even if neither statement is exactly right? (Vox, May 19-21, 2021)

Which of the following statements comes closest to your view of President Joe Biden’s approach to the current 6ghting between Israelis and Palestinians, even if neither statement is exactly right? (Vox, May 19-21, 2021)

Violence in the region recently escalated to the worst it’s been in years, with the Palestinian militant group Hamas launching rockets at cities in Israel, and the Israeli military launching airstrikes in Gaza, the occupied Palestinian territory controlled by Hamas. As of Monday, 192 people had been killed in Gaza by Israeli military actions and 10 people had been killed in Israel by Hamas rockets. President Joe Biden has supported a ceasefire, condemned the actions of Hamas and has said he does not think Israel’s response was disproportionate. Which of the following statements comes closest to your view as to how President Joe Biden should respond to the current 6ghting between Israelis and the Palestinians, even if neither statement is exactly right? (Vox, May 19-21, 2021)

Violence in the region recently escalated to the worst it’s been in years, with the Palestinian militant group Hamas launching rockets at cities in Israel, and the Israeli military launching airstrikes in Gaza, the occupied Palestinian territory controlled by Hamas. As of Monday, 192 people had been killed in Gaza by Israeli military actions and 10 people had been killed in Israel by Hamas rockets. Which of the following statements comes closest to your view as to how President Joe Biden should respond to the current 6ghting between Israelis and the Palestinians, even if neither statement is exactly right? (Vox, May 19-21, 2021)

Violence in the region recently escalated to the worst it’s been in years, with the Palestinian militant group Hamas launching rockets at cities in Israel, and the Israeli military launching airstrikes in Gaza, the occupied Palestinian territory controlled by Hamas. As of Monday, 192 people had been killed in Gaza by Israeli military actions and 10 people had been killed in Israel by Hamas rockets. President Joe Biden has supported a ceasefire, condemned the actions of Hamas and has said he does not think Israel’s response was disproportionate. Which of the following statements comes closest to your view as to how President Joe Biden should respond to the current 6ghting between Israelis and the Palestinians, even if neither statement is exactly right? (Vox, May 19-21, 2021)

Violence in the region recently escalated to the worst it’s been in years, with the Palestinian militant group Hamas launching rockets at cities in Israel, and the Israeli military launching airstrikes in Gaza, the occupied Palestinian territory controlled by Hamas. As of Monday, 192 people had been killed in Gaza by Israeli military actions and 10 people had been killed in Israel by Hamas rockets. Which of the following statements comes closest to your view as to how President Joe Biden should respond to the current 6ghting between Israelis and the Palestinians, even if neither statement is exactly right? (Vox, May 19-21, 2021)

Who is resonsible for the recent violence Hamas or Israel? [not exact wording]  (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, May 19-20, 2021)

Which side of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict are you more sympathetic toward? (Morning Consult/Politico, May 14-17, 2021)

When it comes to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, what are you most concerned about?
       (The Brookings Institution, December 2014)

OPERATION PROTECTIVE EDGE

Do you think the current conflict between the Israelis and Palestinians is more serious than past conflicts between them, less serious, or about the same?
       (Gallup, July 22-23, 2014)

Has Israel gone too far in it’s response to Hamas during this conflict?
       (Pew Research, July 28, 2014)

Who bears more responsibility for the current conflict?
       (Pew Research, July 28, 2014)

Is your view of the following actions that they are justified or unjustified?
       (Gallup, July 24, 2014)

Who is more to blame for the escalation of conflict in Gaza: Israel or the Palestinians?
       (Rasmussen Reports, July 7-8, 2014)

Do you think Israel was justified or unjustified in taking military action against Hamas and the Palestinians in the area known as Gaza?
       (CCN/ORC International, July 21, 2014)

OPERATION PILLAR OF DEFENSE

Was Israel justified or unjustified in taking military action against Hamas and the Palestinians in Gaza?
       (CNN/ORC International, November 16-18, 2012)

OPERATION "CAST LEAD"

Who do you blame more for the conflict in the Gaza Strip?
       (The Israel Project National Survey, January 10-12, 2009)

Who do you blame more for the current humanitarian crisis in the Gaza Strip?
        (The Israel Project National Survey, January 10-12, 2009)

Who is most responsible for the outbreak of violence?* 
       (Pew Research Center, January 7-11, 2009)

Do you approve or disapprove of Israeli actions in Gaza?
        (Pew Research Center, January 7-11, 2009)

Israel has...*  (Pew Research Center, January 7-11, 2009)

*Not exact questions wording.

The U.S. should be ...*  (Pew Research Center, January 7-11, 2009)

*Not exact questions wording.

What should U.S. do?*  (Pew Research Center, January 7-11, 2009)

*Not exact questions wording.

Thinking about the current fighting in the Middle East, do you think Barack Obama should announce a firm public position on the conflict now, or wait until he takes office on January 20th to take a firm public position on the issue? (Gallup, January 6-7, 2009)

Thinking about the current fighting between the Israelis and Palestinians in Gaza, do you think the Bush administration should be doing more, is doing the right amount, or should be doing less to help resolve the conflict? (Gallup, January 6-7, 2009)

As you may know, violence has recently erupted in the Middle East in the Gaza Strip and Israel. Based on what you have seen, read or heard, do you think that the use of force by Israel/Hamas has been excessive or is appropriate given the circumstances? (McClatchy / Ipsos, January, 6, 2009)

Do you personally make a distinction between Hamas and the Palestinian people, or not?(McClatchy / Ipsos, January, 6, 2009)

And regardless of your personal feelings, who do you believe is more to blame for the current conflict?(McClatchy / Ipsos, January, 6, 2009)

Now, do you think the United States should or should not favor creating a Palestinian state?(McClatchy / Ipsos, January, 6, 2009)

Who is more to blame for the current situation…..Israel or the Palestinians? (Rasmussen Reports, December 30, 2008)

Should Israel have taken military action against the Palestinians or should it have tried to find a diplomatic solution? (Rasmussen Reports, December 30, 2008)

How likely is it that this latest violence in the Gaza Strip will escalate into a more widespread war between Israel and the Arabs in the Middle East? (Rasmussen Reports, December 30, 2008)

How likely is it that the latest military action by Israel will create more terrorism against the United States? (Rasmussen Reports, December 30, 2008)