YקדNote: We are presenting raw data. To analyze the data, we encourage users to read the entire study and the methodology used. Sample size, question wording, and question order can affect results and reliability. Context and timing may also influence responses, for example, if the survey is conducted during a war.

Operation Iron Sword

The plan calls for a two-phase plan: 1) all hostages to be released immediately and for Hamas to lay down its weapons and leave. In exchange Israel would release over 1,000 prisoners, which has been completed. And 2) Arab governments and representatives of the US would helping to administer Gaza as Israel withdraws. A security buffer would be set up and a path would be provided for a Palestinian state so long as Israel was recognized by the Palestinians and groups within the country give up trying to destroy Israel. In general, is this a plan you support or oppose? (Harvard CAOPS-Harris Poll, December 2-4, 2025)

	2025
Support	78%
Oppose	22%

Who should be responsible for ensuring Hamas disarms and disbands? (Harvard CAOPS-Harris Poll, December 2-4, 2025)

	2025
Israel	20%
The U.S.	33%
Arab governments	47%

Should the deal require Hamas to completely disarm and disband as part of a solution to conflict or not? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, December 2-4, 2025)

Disarm and disband	78%
Not disarmed	22%

In the Israel-Hamas conflict, do you support more Israel or more Hamas? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 1-2, 2025; December 2-4, 2025)

	October 2025	December 2025
Israel	75%	74%
Hamas	25%	26%

Do you think the conflict has died down and largely stopped or do you think there is a lot of active fighting on the ground now? (Harvard CAOPS-Harris Poll, December 2-4, 2025)

	2025
Conflict has died down	41%
There is a lot of active fighting	59%

From what you have heard or seen, do you believe what Israel has done in Gaza amounts to genocide? (Big Data Poll, November 21-22, 2025)

	2025
Yes	38%
No	29%
DK/NA	33%

Do you support or oppose the 21-point peace plan put forward by President Trump? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 1-2, 2025)

	2025
Support	56%
Oppose	44%

All the major Arab governments have said they support the peace plan. Given this, do you favor or oppose it? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 1-2, 2025)

	2025
Support	70%
Oppose	30%

Do you think Israel should accept the plan? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 1-2, 2025)

	2025
Accept	79%
Not accept	21%

Do you think Israel has accepted it or rejected it? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 1-2, 2025)

	2025
Accepted it	51%
Rejected it	49%

Do you think Hamas should accept the plan? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 1-2, 2025)

	2025
Accept	78%
Not accept	22%

Do you think Hamas has accepted it or rejected it? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 1-2, 2025)

	2025
Accepted it	36%
Rejected it	64%

The plan calls for all hostages to be released immediately and for Hamas to lay down its weapons and leave. In exchange Israel would release over 1,000 prisoners. Arab governments and representatives of the US would help administer Gaza as Israel withdraws. A security buffer would be set up and a path would be provided for a Palestinian state so long as Israel was recognized by the Palestinians and groups within the country give up trying to destroy Israel. In general, is this a plan you support or oppose? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 1-2, 2025)

	2025
Support	83%
Oppose	17%

Do you support or oppose Donald Trump’s handling of the Israeli-Hamas conflict so far? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 1-2, 2025)

	2025
Support	51%
Oppose	49%

Do you think that Israel should make a deal with Hamas to get the rest of the hostages back leaving Hamas in place or make such a deal only if Hamas leaves Gaza? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 1-2, 2025)

	2025
Support	53%
Oppose	47%

Do you support or oppose the position that Hamas must release all remaining hostages without any conditions or face serious consequences? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 1-2, 2025)

	2025
Support	78%
Oppose	22%

Do you think Trump will solve the Israel/Hamas war or not? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 1-2, 2025)

	2025
Solve	36%
Not solve	64%

How likely is it that there will soon be a peace deal to end the war between Israel and Hamas in Gaza? (Rasmussen, September 29-October 1, 2025)

Likely	42%
Not likely	49%
Not sure	9%

Do you approve or disapprove of the way Donald Trump is handling the Israel-Hamas conflict? (Quinnipiac, September 18-21, 2025)

	2025
Approve	31%
Disapprove	56%
DK/NA	13%

Thinking about the foreign policy goals of the United States, please tell me how important it is for the United States to provide aid to Israel’s military to fight Hamas? (AP/NORC, September 11-15, 2025)

	2025
Extremely / very important	22%
Somewhat important	35%
Not too important / not important at all	41%
DK/Refused	2%

Thinking about the foreign policy goals of the United States, please tell me how important it is for the United States to negotiate a permanent cease fire between Israel and Hamas? (AP/NORC, September 11-15, 2025)

	2025
Extremely / very important	51%
Somewhat important	31%
Not too important / not important at all	15%
DK/Refused	2%

Thinking about the foreign policy goals of the United States, please tell me how important it is for the United States to provide humanitarian relief to Palestinians in Gaza? (AP/NORC, September 11-15, 2025)

	2025
Extremely / very important	45%
Somewhat important	35%
Not too important / not important at all	18%
DK/Refused	2%

Would you say the military response from Israel in the Gaza Strip has gone too far, been about right, or not gone far enough? (AP/NORC, September 11-15, 2025)

	2025
Gone too far	49%
Not gone far enough	12%
Been about right	33%
DK/Refused	5%

Overall, do you approve or disapprove of the way Donald Trump is handling the conflict between the Israelis and Palestinians? (AP/NORC, March 20-24; September 11-15, 2025)

	March	September
Approve	44%	37%
Disapprove	54%	60%
DK/NA	2%	3%

In thinking about what you know about the situation in Gaza, do you think Israel is committing genocide, or not? (Quinnipiac, August 21-25, 2025)

	2025
Yes/Committing	50%
No	35%
DK/NA	15%

Do you support or oppose the United States sending more military aid to Israel for their efforts in the war with Hamas? (Quinnipiac, August 21-25, 2025)

	2025
Support	32%
Oppose	60%
DK/NA	8%

Thinking about the relationship between the United States and Israel, do you think the U.S. is too supportive of Israel, not supportive enough of Israel, or is the U.S. support of Israel about right? (Quinnipiac, August 21-25, 2025)

	2025
Too supportive	40%
Not enough	9%
About right	42%
DK/NA	9%

From what you know about the situation in the Middle East, do your sympathies lie more with the Israelis or more with the Palestinians? (Quinnipiac, August 21-25, 2025)

	2025
Israelis	36%
Palestinians	37%
DK/NA	27%

In the Israel-Hamas conflict, do you support more Israel or more Hamas? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, August 20-21, 2025)

	2025
Israel	74%
Hamas	26%

Do you support or oppose the position that Hamas must release all remaining hostages without any conditions or face serious consequences? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, August 20-21, 2025)

	2025
Support	78%
Oppose	22%

Do you think that Israel should make a deal with Hamas to get the rest of the hostages back leaving Hamas in place or make such a deal only if Hamas leaves Gaza? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, August 20-21, 2025)

	2025
Support	58%
Oppose	42%

Do you think Trump will solve the Israel/Hamas war or not? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, August 20-21, 2025)

	2025
Not solve	64%
Solve	36%

Do you support or oppose the position that Hamas must release all remaining hostages without any conditions or face serious consequences? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, August 20-21, 2025)

	2025
Support	78%
Oppose	22%

Do you approve or disapprove of Israel’s conduct in the Israel-Hamas conflict? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, August 20-21, 2025)

	2025
Approve	49%
Disapprove	51%

Do you approve or disapprove of Hamas’s conduct in the Israel-Hamas conflict? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, August 20-21, 2025)

	2025
Approve	49%
Disapprove	51%

Do you believe or not believe accusations that there is a famine in Gaza? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, August 20-21, 2025)

	2025
Believe	69%
Not believe	31%

Who do you believe is mainly responsible for the famine in Gaza - Hamas or Israel? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, August 20-21, 2025)

	2025
Hamas	61%
Israel	39%

Do you believe or not believe that Israel is committing a genocide in Gaza? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, August 20-21, 2025)

	2025
Believe	49%
Not believe	51%

Do you believe that criticism of Israel’s conduct in the Israel-Hamas conflict is motivated more by anti-Semitism or by concern for Palestinian human rights? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, August 20-21, 2025)

	2025
More by anti-Semitism	50%
More by concern for Palestinian human rights	50%

Israel’s military response in Gaza has been excessive (Reuters/Ipsos, August 13-18, 2025)

	2025
Agree	59%
Disagree	33%
DK/NA	8%

Do you think that Donald Trump’s approach to the Israel-Hamas war has been...? (The Economist/YouGov, Aug 1-4, 2025)

Too supportive of Israel	36%
About right	32%
Not supportive enough of Israel	7%
Not sure	25%

Which comes closer to your view? (The Economist/YouGov, Aug 1-4, 2025)

Israel is justified in its attacks on Gaza as a response to threats from Hamas	32%
Israel’s attacks on Gaza are unjustified and harm too many innocent Palestinians	41%
Not sure	27%

Is there currently a hunger crisis in Gaza? (The Economist/YouGov, Aug 1-4, 2025)

Yes	71%
No	5%
Not sure	24%

Do you think that Israel is committing genocide against Palestinian civilians? (The Economist/YouGov, Aug 1-4, 2025)

Yes	43%
No	28%
Not sure	29%

Would you support or oppose Israel and Hamas agreeing to a ceasefire now? (The Economist/YouGov, Aug 1-4, 2025)

Support	78%
Oppose	4%
Not sure	17%

Do you approve or disapprove of the military action Israel has taken in Gaza? (Gallup, November 1-21, 2023, June 3-23, 2024, July 7-21, 2025)

	2023				2024				2025
	Rep.	Dem.	Ind.	Total	Rep.	Dem.	Ind.	Total	Rep.	Dem.	Ind.	Total
Approve	71%	36%	47%	47%	76%	23%	34%	42%	71%	8%	25%	32%
Disapprove	23%	63%	48%	48%	19%	69%	53%	48%	22%	83%	68%	60%
No Opinion	6%	1%	5%	4%	5%	8%	13%	10%	7%	9%	8%	8%

In this war between Israel and Hamas, do you support… (Boundless Israel/BSG, May 30-June 5, 2025)

	2025
Israel	39%
Hamas	7%
Neither side/no opinion	54%

Do you believe the people living in Gaza should be allowed to leave if they want to? (Boundless Israel/BSG, May 30-June 5, 2025)

	2025
Yes, the people living in Gaza should be allowed to leave Gaza	72%
No, the epople living in Gaza should not be allowed to leave Gaza	7%
Don’t know enough to have an opinion	21%

Were you aware that there are still dozens of Israeli hostages being held by Hamas in Gaza? (Boundless Israel/BSG, May 30-June 5, 2025)

	2025
Yes	59%
No	41%

Is Israel justified in continuing its military operations in Gaza until Hamas has returned all hostages and lays down its arms or has the humanitarian crisis there gone too far and military operations need to stop despite Hamas still being there? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, June 11-12, 2025)

	2025
Justified in continuing military operations	62%
Operations must stop despite Hamas still being there	38%

Do you support or oppose Donald Trump’s handling of the Israeli-Hamas conflict so far? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, June 11-12, 2025)

	2025
Support	51%
Oppose	49%

How confident are you that Israel and Hamas will agree to a permanent ceasefire in the near future? (Quinnipiac, June 5-9, 2025)

	2025
Very confident	3%
Somewhat confident	14%
Not so confident	33%
Not confident at all	44%
DK/NA	5%

Donald Trump has mentioned an interest in the U.S. taking over Gaza. How likely do you think it is that Donald Trump will pursue
this? (Pew, March 24-30, 2025)

	2025
Likely	45%
Unlikely	37%
Notsure	16%

Do you favor or oppose the U.S. taking over Gaza, as Donald Trump has proposed? (Pew, March 24-30, 2025)

	2025
Favor	15%
Oppose	62%
Not sure	22%

How important would you say each of the following is to you personally? The war between Israel and Hamas (Pew, March 24-30, 2025)

	2024	2025
Important	73%	63%
Not important	26%	36%

Regardless of how important they are to you personally, how important is each of the following for the U.S.’s national
interests? The war between Israel and Hamas (Pew, March 24-30, 2025)

	2024	2025
Important	85%	77%
Not important	15%	23%

In this conflict, do you support more Israel or more Hamas? (harrisx for JFNA, November 13, 2023; Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, February 21-22, 2024; March 20-21, 2024; April 24-25, 2024; May 15-16, 2024, June 28-30, 2024, July 26-28, 2024, October 11-13, 2024, January 15-16, 2025, February 19-20, 2025, April 9-10, 2025)

	2023	2024	2025
Israel	85%	81%	75%
Hamas	15%	19%	25%

Do you believe that Hamas should be allowed to govern Gaza or do you believe that Hamas should not be allowed to govern Gaza? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, February 19-20, 2025, March 26-27, 2025)

Allowed	24%
Not allowed	76%

Do you support or oppose Donald Trump’s handling of the Israeli-Hamas conflict so far? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, February 19-20, 2025, March 26-27, 2025)

Support	54%
Oppose	46%

Do you think Donald Trump is serious about the United States taking over Gaza or is he posturing to start negotiations with Middle Eastern countries who do not want to commit to rebuild Gaza and take ownership of it? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, February 19-20, 2025)

Posturing so as to negotiate	53%
Serious about taking over Gaza	47%

Do you think the United States taking over Gaza is a good or bad idea? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, February 19-20, 2025)

Good idea	30%
Bad idea	70%

Do you support or oppose removing Palestinians from Gaza to rebuild the territory? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, February 19-20, 2025)

Support	44%
Oppose	56%

Do you approve or disapprove the way Donald Trump is handling the current conflict between Israel and Hamas? (CBS News/YouGov, February 5-7, 2025)

	2025
Approve	54%
Disapprove	46%

How much have you heard or read about Donald Trump’s recent comments that the U.S. would take over Gaza in the Middle East? (CBS News/YouGov, February 5-7, 2025)

	Feb. 2025
A lot	28%
Some	38%
Not much	23%
Nothing at all	11%

Do you think the U.S. trying to take over Gaza would be a... (CBS News/YouGov, February 5-7, 2025)

	Feb. 2025
Good idea	13%
Bad idea	47%
Not sure / it depends	40%

What do you think is Donald Trump’s goal when he talks about the U.S. taking over Gaza? Do you think hisgoal is mainly to... (CBS News/YouGov, February 5-7, 2025)

	Feb. 2025
Have the U.S. take over Gaza	22%
Start negotiations with countries in the Middle East for something else	28%
Both	29%
Neither	20%

Generally speaking, do you support or oppose Israel’s right to defend itself? (Schoen Cooperman Research, February 2025)

	Feb. 2025
Support	81%
Oppose	19%

On October 7th, 2023, Hamas, the Palestinian Islamist militant group that governs the Gaza
Strip, invaded Israel, killing 1,200 Israelis and abducting 250 hostages. The day after Hamas’ attack, Hezbollah, an Islamist militant group in Lebanon, began attacking Israel in the North, forcing 60,000 Israelis to flee their homes, and killing dozens. Both Hamas and Hezbollah are funded by Iran, who has fired ballistic missiles at Israel twice since the fighting began. In response to these attacks, Israel retaliated by launching military campaigns in Gaza against Hamas, and in Lebanon against Hezbollah.

Based on this information, was Israel’s military campaign in Gaza a justified response to
Hamas attacking Israel on October 7th, 2023, or was it not justified?(Schoen Cooperman Research, February 2025)

	Feb. 2025
Justified	69%
Not justified	13%
Not sure	18%

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

Palestinians in Gaza have suffered because Hamas started a war by attacking Israel on
October 7th and kidnapping civilian hostages. (Schoen Cooperman Research, February 2025)

	Feb. 2025
Agree	80%
Disagree	20%

As you read earlier, the ceasefire and hostage deal currently does not offer terms for a
“day after the war” plan in Gaza or mandate Hamas’s removal from power.
In your view, should a final deal require Hamas’s removal from power, or should Hamas
be allowed to continue ruling Gaza? (Schoen Cooperman Research, February 2025)

	Feb. 2025
A final deal should require Hamas’ removal from power	82%
Hamas should be allowed to continue ruling Gaza	18%

Do you support or oppose the ceasefire deal reached between Israel and Hamas which aims to end the war in Gaza and release hostages? [By age groups] (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, January 15-16, 2025)

	18-24	25-34	35-44	45-54	55-64	65+	Total
Israel	79%	68%	71%	77%	83%	90%	82%
Hamas	21%	32%	29%	23%	17%	10%	18%

Do you think Hamas agreed to the deal because of negotiations by the Biden administration or because of the incoming Trump administration? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, January 15-16, 2025)

	Jan. 2025
Because of Biden	43%
Because of Trump	57%

For each of the following, do you think it is appropriate for college/university students to: (never appropriate, sometimes appropriate, always appropriate, don’t know) (USC, Fall 2024)

	Never	Sometimes	Always	DK
Demand college/university leadership not make certain financial investments	29%	42%	10%	20%
Criticize college/university leaders on social media	38%	38%	13%	11%
Set up camps or sleep out on campus to protest.	40%	41%	7%	12%
Protest world events by walking out of class	44%	36%	8%	12%
Stop going to classes as a form of protest	46%	34%	8%	12%
Occupy school buildings	56%	23%	7%	14%
Shout down invited speakers they disagree with	67%	18%	4%	11%
Write or draw protest messages on college/university property	76%	12%	4%	8%
Disrupt graduation ceremonies to protest	79%	10%	3%	8%

For each of the following, do you think it is appropriate for colleges/universities to: (never appropriate, sometimes appropriate, always appropriate, don’t know) (USC, Fall 2024)

	Never	Sometimes	Always	DK
Shut down student protests for safety reasons	5%	49%	38%	8%
Have police arrest students who break laws during protests.	6%	33%	53%	8%
Shut down student protests if they interfere with learning	9%	41%	41%	9%
Create “free speech zones” and limit protests to those areas	10%	43%	32%	15%
Call the police to break up student protests	12%	62%	17%	9%
Cancel speakers for safety reasons related to student protests	15%	50%	23%	12%
Move classes online to avoid protests	28%	47%	11%	15%
Take an official position on current political issues (e.g., by email)	28%	38%	15%	19%

Based on what you’ve seen or heard, how would you characterize the news coverage of the Israel-Hamas war? (AJC, October 10-November 25, 2024)

	2024
	Jews	Public
Biased in support of Israel	29%	38%
Biased in support of Hamas	42%	23%
Fair	28%	39%

How much responsibility do you think each of the following has for the escalation of the war in the Middle East? (AP/NORC, October 11-14, 2024)

	A lot/some	Not much/none
Israeli government	73%	24%
Hamas	85%	12%
U.S. government	57%	40%
Iranian government	83%	13%
Hezbollah	83%	14%

In response to Israel’s military operations in Lebanon and Gaza, do you favor, oppose, or neither favor nor oppose the United States doing each of the following? (AP/NORC, October 11-14, 2024)

	Strongly/somewhat	Neither favor nor oppose	Somewhat/strongly oppose
Imposing economic sanctions on Iran	53%	29%	15%
Providing weapons to Israel’s military	36%	23%	38%
Sending government funds to aid Israel’s military	33%	22%	42%
Deploying U.S. troops to aid Israel’s military	21%	22%	54%

How concerned are you about each of the following? (AP/NORC, October 11-14, 2024)

	Extremely/very concerned	Somewhat concerned	Not very/at all concerned
That the situation in the Middle East will escalate into an even broader conflict	51%	36%	11%
That the United States will be drawn into a war in the Middle East	41%	43%	14%

Do you think the U.S. could be doing more or is doing about as much as it can to push for a ceasefire agreement between Israel and the militant groups Hamas and Hezbollah? If you think the U.S. should be doing less, you can say that too. (AP/NORC, October 11-14, 2024)

Could be doing more	30%
Is doing about as much as it can	47%
Should be doing less	20%
Iranian government	13%
Hezbollah	14%

Do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling the Israeli-Hamas conflict? [% Strongly or Somewhat approve] (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023, February 21-22, 2024, April 24-25, 2024, June 28-30, 2024, July 26-28, 2024, October 11-13, 2024)

	Oct. 23	Nov. 23	Dec. 23	Jan. 24	Feb. 24	March 24	April 24	May 24	June 24	July 24	Sept 24	Oct 24
Approve	44%	45%	42%	39%	38%	38%	39%	35%	33%	33%	34%	35%

Do you favor an unconditional ceasefire in the Israel-Hamas war that would leave everyone in place, or do you think any ceasefire should happen only after the release of all hostages and Hamas removed from power? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, December 13-14, 2023; February 21-22, 2024; March 20-21, 2024; April 24-25, 2024; May 15-16, 2024; June 28-30, 2024, July 26-28, 2024, October 11-13, 2024)

	2023	Feb. 24	Mar. 24	Apr. 24	May 24	June 24	July 24	Oct 24
Favor unconditional ceasefire that would leave everyone in place	36%	33%	37%	39%	34%	33%	30%	32%
Ceasefire should happen only after the release of all hostages and Hamas being removed from power	64%	67%	63%	61%	66%	67%	70%	68%

Should Hamas be allowed to continue to run Gaza or does Hamas need to be removed from running Gaza? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, December 13-14, 2023; February 21-22, 2024; March 20-21, 2024; May 15-16, 2024; June 28-30, 2024, July 26-28, 2024, October 11-13, 2024))

	2023	Feb. 24	Mar. 24	Apr. 24	May 24	June 24	July 24	Oct 24
Allowed to continue to run Gaza	19%	22%	23%	22%	22%	18%	18%	19%
Removed from running Gaza	81%	78%	77%	78%	78%	82%	82%	81%

If Hamas is removed, should Gaza be administered by Israel, by the Palestinian Authority or by some new authority set up through negotiations with Arab nations? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, December 13-14, 2023, February 21-22, 2024, March 20-21, 2024, April 24-25, 2024, May 15-16, 2024; June 28-30, 2024; July 26-28, 2024, October 11-13, 2024)

	2023	Feb. 24	Mar. 24	Apr. 24	May 24	June 24	July 24	Sept 24	Oct 24
Administered by Israel	34%	34%	36%	35%	39%	32%	32%	32%	35%
Administered by the Palestinian Authority	27%	28%	30%	30%	29%	27%	30%	26%	26%
Administered by some new authority set up with Arab nations	38%	39%	34%	35%	32%	40%	38%	41%	39%

Are the protests on campus now mostly about saving lives in Gaza or more about supporting the Hamas and Hezbollah terrorists who want to eliminate Israel? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, October 11-13, 2024)

	2024
Mostly about saving lives in Gaza	63%
More about supporting the Hamas and Hezbollah terrorists	37%

Should the U.S. play a major role, a minor role or no role at all in diplomatically resolving the Israel-Hamas war? (Pew, Feb. 13-25, 2024, September 16-22, 2024)

	Feb. 2024	Sept. 2024
A major role	20%	24%
A minor role	35%	37%
No role	27%	19%
Not sure	18%	19%

Thinking about Israel’s current military operation against Hamas, is Israel… (Pew, September 16-22, 2024)

	Nov.-Dec. 2023	Sept. 2024
Going too far	27%	31%
Not going far enough	16%	12%
Taking about the right approach	25%	20%
Not sure	32%	36%

Thinking about the war between Israel and Hamas, how concerned are you about the possibility of the war expanding to other countries in the region? (Pew, September 16-22, 2024)

	Nov.-Dec. 2023	Sept. 2024
Concerned	79%	82%
Not concerned	20%	17%

(Pew, September 16-22, 2024)

	Nov.-Dec. 2023	Sept. 2024
Going too far	27%	31%
Not going far enough	16%	12%
Taking about the right approach	25%	20%
Not sure	32%	36%

Regardless of who you support, which candidate do you trust to do a better job of handling: (AP-NORC, September 12-16, 2024)

	Harris	Trump	Both Equally	Neither
The war between Israel and Hamas	32%	36%	10%	21%

Thinking about voting in the upcoming election, how important are each of the following issues? (AP-NORC, September 12-16, 2024)

	One of the most important issues	An important issue, but not one of the most important	Not an important issue
The economy	79%	19%	1%
Health care	56%	39%	4%
Gun policy	47%	39%	13%
Climate change	35%	39%	25%
Crime	51%	42%	6%
Abortion policy	48%	35%	17%
Immigration	49%	41%	9%
The war between Israel and Hamas	26%	57%	15%

For each of the following pairs of statements, choose which statement comes closest to your view. (Heritage Foundation, September 9-13, 2024)

	U.S. Muslims	General Public
Hamas Committed Murder and Rape in Israel on Oct. 7	31%	64%
Hamas Did Not Commit Murder and Rape in Israel on Oct. 7	39%	7%
Don’t Know	30%	29%

Hamas terrorists recently murdered six Israeli hostages, including an American citizen. Does that make you more sympathetic or less sympathetic to the Palestinians? (Rasmussen, September 2-4, 2024)

	2024
More likely	13%
Less likely	52%
Not much difference	23%
Not Sure	12%

Do you think Israel is trying to avoid civilian casualties in fighting its war against Hamas or not trying to avoid such casualties? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, December 13-14, 2023; February 21-22, 2024; March 20-21, 2024; April 24-25, 2024; May 15-16, 2024; June 28-30, 2024, July 26-28, 2024)

	2023	Feb. 24	Mar. 24	Apr. 24	May 24	June 24	July 24
Trying to avoid	69%	68%	66%	67%	69%	62%	66%
Not trying to avoid	31%	32%	34%	33%	31%	38%	34%

Should Israel move forward with an operation in Rafah to finish the war with Hamasmove forward with an operation in Rafah to finish the war with Hamas, or should it back off now and allow Hamas to continue running Gaza? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, March 20-21, 2024; May 15-16, 2024; June 28-30, 2024; July 26-28, 2024)

	Apr. 24	May 24	June 24	July 24
Move forward with an operation in Rafah	72%	74%	70%	72%
Back off now and allow Hamas to continue running Gaza	28%	26%	30%	28%

If Hezbollah keeps firing rockets into Northern Israel, should Israel retaliate until they stop firing rockets, or should they not retaliate against Hezbollah? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, June 28-30, 2024; July 26-28, 2024)

	June 24	July 24
Israel should retaliate	67%	66%
Israel should not retaliate	33%	34%

Do you think U.S. leaders are giving the conflict between Israel and Hamas too much attention, not enough attention, or about the right amount of attention? (Chicago Council, June 21-July 1, 2024)

	2024
Too much	26%
About the right amount	42%
Not enough	32%

Thinking about the Israel-Gaza war, do you think the United States is: (Chicago Council, June 21-July 1, 2024)

	2024
Supporting Israel too much	30%
Not supporting Israel enough	20%
Striking about the right balance	22%
Not Sure	27%

Do you favor or oppose the United States: (Chicago Council, June 21-July 1, 2024)

Supporting Israel militarily until the hostages are returned	60%
Officially recognizing a Palestinian state	50%
Supporting Israel militarily until Hamas is dismantled or destroyed	49%
Playing a leading role in the reconstruction of Gaza	37%

Do you think the United States is doing too much, about the right amount, or not enough to provide humanitarian aid to the Palestinians? (NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist, May 21-23, 2024)

	2024
Too much	29%
About the right amount	36%
Not enough	29%
Unsure	5%

Which statement comes closest to your view about the United States´ role in the war between Israel and Hamas? (NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist, May 21-23, 2024)

	2024
The U.S. should fully support all of Israel's military actions against Hamas	23%
The U.S. should support Israel's right to defend itself against Hamas but should also use its influence to encourage Israel to protect Palestinian civilians	48%
The U.S. should stop all support for Israel until there is a ceasefire in Gaza	25%
Unsure	3%

President Biden has said he will not provide weapons to Israel if it moves forward with a military operation in Rafah. Do you think such statements mainly embolden Hamas and backers like Iran to continue the war and violent actions or are they serving to (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, May 15-16, 2024)

	May 24
Embolden Hamas and backers	56%
Serve to end the war by preventing Israeli action against Hamas	44%

Do you think such statements help or hurt ongoing negotiations to get the hostages back? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, May 15-16, 2024)

	May 24
Hurt	58%
Help	42%

Do you think Biden should continue to provide Israel with weapons, even if it enters Rafah, or should he withhold the weapons? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, May 15-16, 2024)

	May 24
Provide weapons	57%
Withhold weapons	43%

Do you think the crisis in Gaza is created mostly by Israel or mostly by Hamas? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, December 13-14, 2023, March 20-21, 2024; April 24-25, 2024; May 15-16, 2024)

	2023*	Mar. 24	Apr. 24	May 24
Israel	27%	33%	29%	31%
Hamas	73%	67%	71%	69%

*Who is primarily responsible for triggering the humanitarian crisis in Gaza - Hamas or Israel?

Do you think Biden's policy toward Israel is being directed just by what's best for U.S. National interest in a safe and secure Israel or also by the perceived domestic politics for his re-election and threats from the Democratic base? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, April 24-25, 2024, May 15-16, 2024)

	Apr. 24	May 24
Only U.S. national interest in Israel	52%	47%
Also by Domestic politics	48%	53%

Do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling the war between Israel and Hamas? (Fox News, May 10-13, 2024).

Approve	32%
Disapprove	64%

Do you think the United States is too supportive of Israel, not supportive enough, or is the support about right? (Fox News, May 10-13, 2024)

	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023	Feb. 2024	May 2024
Too supportive	30%	30%	30%	32%
Not supportive enough	21%	27%	27%	30%
About right	45%	38%	38%	33%

In general, do you support or oppose the student protests over the Israel-Hamas war that are taking place on U.S. college campuses? (Fox News, May 10-13, 2024).

Support	33%
Oppose	59%

Have the protests on college campuses made you more sympathetic or less sympathetic to the Palestinians -- or have they not really made a difference either way? (Fox News, May 10-13, 2024).

More sympathetic	16%
Less sympathetic	29%
No difference	52%

Please tell me whether you think each of the following accurately describes the campus protests - Pro-Palestinian. (Fox News, May 10-13, 2024).

Yes	62%
No	30%

Please tell me whether you think each of the following accurately describes the campus protests - Anti-Israeli. (Fox News, May 10-13, 2024).

Yes	43%
No	51%

Please tell me whether you think each of the following accurately describes the campus protests - Anti-war. (Fox News, May 10-13, 2024).

Yes	49%
No	44%

Please tell me whether you think each of the following accurately describes the campus protests - Anti-Semitic. (Fox News, May 10-13, 2024).

Yes	46%
No	45%

Please tell me whether you think each of the following accurately describes the campus protests - Anti-American. (Fox News, May 10-13, 2024).

Yes	58%
No	34%

Please tell me whether you think each of the following accurately describes the campus protests - Pro-Hamas. (Fox News, May 10-13, 2024).

Yes	42%
No	49%

Do you support or oppose recent pro‑Palestinian protests on U.S. college campuses? (YouGov, April 28-30, 2024).

Strongly or somewhat support	28%
Strongly or somewhat oppose	47%
Not sure	24%

Do you think that the Israeli government’s military response to the attack by Hamas has been...?(Economist/YouGov, April 28-30, 2024)

Too harsh	30%
About right	22%
Not harsh enough	15%
Unsure	32%

About how many of the pro-Palestinian protesters on college campuses do you think have been peaceful? (Economist/YouGov, April 28-30, 2024)

All	5%
Most	25%
Half	8%
Some	22%
None	12%
Not Sure	29%

Do you think the way college administrators have responded to pro‑Palestinian campus protests has been…? (YouGov, April 28-30, 2024).

Too harsh	16%
About right	20%
Not harsh enough	33%
Not sure	31%

Do you think the number of 30,000 casualties in Gaza supplied by Hamas is accurate or is exaggerated by the group? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, March 20-21, 2024, April 24-25, 2024)

	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 24
Accurate	53%	51%	49%
Exaggerated	47%	49%	51%

Do you favor or oppose a permanent ceasefire in Gaza? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, April 24-25, 2024)

	Apr. 24
Favor	70%
Oppose	30%

Would you favor or oppose that ceasefire if it meant that Hamas was allowed to continue to hold hostages and Hamas were to continue to run Gaza? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, April 24-25, 2024)

	Apr. 24
Favor	32%
Oppose	68%

How much, if at all, is the news about the war between Israel and Hamas emotionally affecting you? Is it affecting you... (Benenson Strategy Group for JFNA, F ebruary 23-March 12, 2024).

	Jews	Total
Not at all/Not much	8%	52%
Somewhat/A great deal	92%	48%

To what extent do you feel empathy for: (Benenson Strategy Group for JFNA, F ebruary 23-March 12, 2024).

	Jews		Total
	Not at all/A little	Somewhat/Very much	Not at all/A little	Somewhat/Very much
Israelis	5%	95%	26%	74%
Palestinians	43%	57%	31%	69%

In this conflict, do you support Israel or Hamas more? (Benenson Strategy Group for JFNA, F ebruary 23-March 12, 2024).

	Jews	Total
Israel	91%	50%
Hamas	2%	5%

To what extent, if at all, are you comfortable sharing that view publicly? (Benenson Strategy Group for JFNA, F ebruary 23-March 12, 2024).

	Hamas Supporters	Israel Supporters	Jews
Not comfortable	16%	36%	23%
Comfortable	84%	64%	77%

Which of the following negotiated preconditions would you like to see satisfied in agreeing to a long-term cease-fire? (Benenson Strategy Group for JFNA, F ebruary 23-March 12, 2024).

	Jews	Total
The release of Israeli hostages held by Hamas	80%	51%
The removal of Hamas from government	73%	44%
The disarmament of Hamas	67%	43%
International commitment to end support for Hamas	62%	37%
Arrest of the individuals involved in the October 7th attack	62%	39%
Increased supply of aid to Gaza from Egypt	39%	23%
The release of Palestinian prisoners in Israel	16%	24%
Withdrawal of Israeli forces from Gaza	20%	22%
A plan for control of Gaza after a cease-fire	54%	35%
Total immediate unconditional ceasefire by all sides	11%	28%
I do not want to see a ceasefire	5%	4%
Something else	5%	9%

Do you believe Israel’s response so far to the October 7 attack by Hamas has been justified? [18-29 Year-Olds] (Harvard Youth Poll, March 14-21, 2024)

Justified	21%
Not justified	32%
DK	45%

Do you support or oppose a permanent ceasefire in Gaza? [18-29 Year-Olds] (Harvard Youth Poll, March 14-21, 2024)

Support	51%
Oppose	10%

Do you think that Congress should or should not pass $14 billion in aid for Israel and for humanitarian aid for Gaza to help Israel defeat Hamas? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, December 13-14, 2023, February 21-22, 2024, March 20-21, 2024)

	2023*	Feb. 2024	March 2024
Support	54%	55%	56%
Oppose	46%	45%	44%

*Do you support or oppose $14 billion in aid to Israel to help it in its war with Hamas?

Overall, do you think it was appropriate or inappropriate for Majority Leader Schumer to call for new elections in Israel to remove Netanyahu? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, March 20-21, 2024)

	2024
Appropriate	48%
Inappropriate	30%

Do you think this criticism of Israel was fair or gave aid and comfort to Hamas? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, March 20-21, 2024)

	2024
Criticism is fair	54%
Gave aid to Hamas	46%

How do you think the crisis should be ended in Israel - by Israel removing its prime minister and having new elections or by Hamas being forced to release all hostages? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, March 20-21, 2024)

	2024
Removing the Prime Minister	31%
Hamas being forced to release hostages	69%

Do you think Biden's policy toward Israel is being directed more by what's best for Israel and the world or by domestic politics and threats from the Democratic base? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, March 20-21, 2024)

	2024
Best for Israel and the world	46%
By domestic politics	54%

Do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling ... the situation in the Middle East between the Israelis and the Palestinians? (Gallup, November 1-21, 2023, March 1-20, 2024)

	2023	Feb. 2024	March 2024
Approve	32%	30%	27%

Which of the following approaches best fits your view of the next step Israel should take in the war in the Gaza Strip against Hamas: (Grinnell College, March 11-17, 2024)

Israel should agree to a permanent cease-fire, even if Hamas is not completely destroyed	43%
Israel should continue fighting until Hamas is completely destroyed	37%
Not sure	20%

Do you approve or disapprove of the job Joe Biden is doing on each of the following? (Wall Street Journal, November 29-December 4, 2023, February 21-28, 2024)
The war between Israel and Hamas

	December 2023	February 2024
Approve	37%	32%
Disapprove	52%	60%

Thinking about the war between Israel and Hamas, do you think the United States is doing too much, too little, or about the right amount to support the Israeli people? (Wall Street Journal, November 29-December 4, 2023, February 21-28, 2024)

	December 2023	February 2024
Too much	22%	36%
Too little	25%	30%
About the right amount	37%	25%
DK/Refused	16%	9%

Thinking about the war between Israel and Hamas, do you think the United States is doing too much, too little, or about the right amount to support the Palestinian people? (Wall Street Journal, November 29-December 4, 2023, February 21-28, 2024)

	December 2023	February 2024
Too much	21%	24%
Too little	26%	33%
About the right amount	30%	25%
DK/Refused	23%	17%

Do you think Israel's actions in the Gaza Strip in response to the October 7th attack by Hamas have gone too far, not gone far enough, or been about right? (Wall Street Journal, February 21-28, 2024)

	2024
Gone too far	42%
Not gone far enough	19%
Been about right	25%
DK/Refused	15%

Do you think the way Hamas carried out its attack on Israel on Oct. 7 was… (Pew, Feb. 13-25, 2024)

	2024
Acceptable	4%
Unacceptable	73%
Not Sure/No answer	22%

Regardless of how acceptable you find the way Hamas carried out the Oct. 7 attack, do you think Hamas’ reasons for fighting Israel are… (Pew, Feb. 13-25, 2024)

	2024
Valid	22%
Not valid	49%
Not Sure/No answer	29%

Regardless of how acceptable you find the way Israel is carrying out the war in Gaza, do you think Israel’s reasons for fighting Hamas are… (Pew, Feb. 13-25, 2024)

	2024
Valid	58%
Not valid	15%
Not Sure/No answer	27%

Do you think the way Israel is carrying out its response to Hamas’ Oct. 7 attack is… (Pew, Feb. 13-25, 2024)

	2024
Acceptable	38%
Unacceptable	34%
Not Sure/No answer	27%

Do you think Joe Biden is… (Pew, November 27-December 3, 2023, Feb. 13-25, 2024)

	2022	2023	2024
Favoring the Israelis too much	8%	21%	22%
Favoring the Palestinians too much	13%	16%	16%
Striking about the right balance	16%	25%	21%
Not Sure	62%	38%	40%

Do you favor or oppose the U.S. providing military aid to Israel to help in its war against Hamas? (Pew, Feb. 13-25, 2024)

	2024
Favor	36%
Neither favor nor oppose	14%
Oppose	35%
Not Sure/No answer	16%

Do you favor or oppose the U.S. providing humanitarian aid to help Palestinian civilians in Gaza? (Pew, Feb. 13-25, 2024)

	2024
Favor	50%
Neither favor nor oppose	16%
Oppose	20%
Not Sure/No answer	16%

Think now about the long-term consequences of the current war… Overall, do you think the way the Israeli government is carrying out the war against Hamas will make the Israeli people… (Pew, Feb. 13-25, 2024)

	2024
More secure than they were before the war	22%
Less secure than they were before the war	27%
Not really have much effect	15%
Not Sure/No answer	36%

Overall, do you think Hamas’ Oct. 7 attack against Israel and the subsequent war will make the creation of an independent Palestinian state… (Pew, Feb. 13-25, 2024)

	2024
More likely than before the war	10%
Less likely than before the war	32%
Not really have much effect	15%
Not Sure/No answer	42%

Do you think that the attacks on Jews were genocidal in nature or not genocidal? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023, December 13-14, 2023, January 17-18, 2024, February 21-22, 2024)

	October 2023	December 2023	January 2024	February 2024
Genocidal	75%	73%	74%	73%
Not genocidal	25%	27%	26%

Do you think the Hamas killing of 1200 Israeli civilians and the kidnapping of another 250 civilians can be justified by the grievances of Palestinians or is it not justified? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023, December 13-14, 2023, January 17-18, 2024, February 21-22, 2024)

	October 2023	December 2023	January 2024	February 2024
Can be justified by the grievances of Palestinians	24%	27%	25%	27%
Not justified	76%	73%	75%	73%

Do you think the recent attack on Israel was a terrorist attack or not? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, February 21-22, 2024)

	2024
Yes	83%
No	17%

Do you support Israel continuing its ground invasion into Southern Gaza to root out the final elements of Hamas or oppose it because 1.2 million civilians have taken shelter there and will be under significant risk of harm if Israel pushes forward? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, February 21-22, 2024)

	2024
Support	63%
Oppose	37%

Does hearing or reading news about the Israel-Hamas war make you feel… (Pew, February 13-25, 2024)

	2024
Angry	65%
Sad	83%
Exhausted	51%
Afraid	37%

Should the U.S. play a major role, a minor role or no role at all in diplomatically resolving the Israel-Hamas war? (Pew, February 13-25, 2024)

	2024
A major role	20%
A minor role	35%
No role	27%
Not sure/No answer	19%

Thinking about the situation with Israelis and Palestinians these days, do you have a favorable or unfavorable opinion of each of the following? (Pew, February 13-25, 2024)

	Favorable	Unfavorable
The Israeli government	41%	51%
The Palestinian Authority	23%	68%
Hamas	8%	84%
The Israeli people	64%	28%
The Palestinian people	50%	41%

Israel has indicated its intention to continue the military offensive in Gaza, specifically in the town of Rafah after evacuating as many civilians from the area as possible. However, the United States has proposed a UN resolution that "...determines that under current circumstances a major ground offensive into Rafah would result in further harm to civilians and their further displacement including potentially into neighboring countries." Considering the United States position, would you support Israel's plan to continue its military offensive? (JCPA, February 2024)

Yes	40%
No	32%
DK/Unsure	28%

If Israel offered to stop fighting in exchange for the unconditional surrender of Hamas and the immediate release of all hostages--and Hamas refused the offer, would that justify continued Israeli military action in Gaza and Rafah against Hamas? (JCPA, February 2024)

Yes	46%
No	23%
DK/Unsure	30%

In this conflict do you side more with Israel or Hamas? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023, December 13-14, 2023, January 17-18, 2024)

	October 2023	December 2023	January 2024
Israel	84%	81%	80%
Hamas	16%	19%	20%

Do you think Hamas is supported by the majority of Palestinians in Gaza or is Hamas a terror group that rules the people of Gaza with force and fear and is not supported by them? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023, December 13-14, 2023)

	October 2023	December 2023
Hamas is supported by the majority of Palestinians in Gaza	32%	34%
Hamas a terror group that rules the people of Gaza with force and fear and is not supported by them	68%	66%

Do you think the recent attack on Israel was a terrorist attack or not? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023, December 13-14, 2023, January 17-18, 2024)

	October 2023	December 2023	January 2024
Yes	86%	84%	83%
No	14%	16%	17%

Do you think the United States is doing too much, about the right amount or not enough to resolve this conflict? (Gallup, December 1-20, 2023)

Too much	19%
Right amount	41%
Not enough	39%

Do you think the United States supports [Israel/the Palestinians] too much, about the right amount or too little? (Gallup, December 1-20, 2023)

	Palestinians	Israel
Too much	31%	36%
Right amount	33%	38%
Not enough	33%	24%

Does Israel have a right to defend itself against rocket and terror attacks on its cities by launching air strikes on terrorist targets in heavily populated Palestinian areas with warnings to those citizens or does it not have the right to launch such attacks? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023, December 13-14, 2023)

	October 2023	December 2023
Yes	84%	81%
No	16%	19%

Do you believe that the US should be supporting Israel in its war against Hamas or not supporting Israel? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, December 13-14, 2023)

Support	65%
Oppose	35%

Who is primarily responsible for putting civilians in Gaza in harm’s way - Hamas or Israel? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, December 13-14, 2023)

Israel	25%
Hamas	75%

Who is primarily responsible for triggering the humanitarian crisis in Gaza - Hamas or Israel? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, December 13-14, 2023)

Israel	27%
Hamas	73%

Should Israel cease all hostilities now or keep going until Hamas is defeated and the hostages released? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, December 13-14, 2023)

Cease all hostilities now	37%
Keep going until Hamas is defeated and the hostages are released	63%

Do you think that Hamas would like to commit genocide against the Jews in Israel or is that not a goal of Hamas? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, December 13-14, 2023)

Trying to avoid	69%
Not trying to avoid	31%

Do you believe that Hamas attackers on October 7th committed rapes and other crimes against women or is that not the case? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, December 13-14, 2023)

Committed rapes and crimes against women	84%
Not the case	16%

Do you think Hamas uses civilians in Gaza as human shields to hide from justice or is it not doing that? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, December 13-14, 2023)

Uses civilian shields	80%
Is not doing that	20%

Do you think Hamas is an organization that can be negotiated with to create peace or is Hamas dedicated only to the destruction of Israel? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, December 13-14, 2023)

Can be negotiated with to create peace	36%
Dedicated only to the destruction of Israel	64%

Do you think Hamas is acting alone or with the support of Iran? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, December 13-14, 2023)

Acting alone	26%
Supported by Iran	74%

Do you think that Israel is committing genocide against those in Gaza or is it just trying to defend itself and eliminate Hamas? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll, December 13-14, 2023)

Committing genocide against those in Gaza	37%
Just trying to defend itself and eliminate Hamas	63%

Which comes closer to your view, even if neither is exactly right? (New York Times/Siena College, December 10–14, 2023)

	2023
Israel should stop its military campaign in order to protect against civilian casualties, even if not all Israeli hostages have been released	44%
Israel should continue its military campaign until all hostages are released, even if it means civilian casualties in Gaza might continue	39%
Don't know / Refused	17%

Which comes closer to your view, even if neither is exactly right? (New York Times/Siena College, December 10–14, 2023)

	2023
Israel should stop its military campaign in order to protect against civilian casualties, even if Hamas has not been fully eliminated	44%
Israel should continue its military campaign until Hamas is fully eliminated, even if it means the civilian casualties in Gaza might continue	38%
Don't know / Refused	18%

Which comes closer to your view, even if neither is exactly right? (New York Times/Siena College, December 10–14, 2023)

	2023
Israel should stop its military campaign	44%
Israel should continue its military campaign	39%
Don't know / Refused	18%

Thinking about Israel’s military operation in Gaza, do you think Israel... (New York Times/Siena College, December 10–14, 2023)

	2023
Is taking enough precautions to avoid civilian casualties	30%
Is not taking enough precautions to avoid civilian casualties	48%
Don't know / Refused	22%

(If not taking enough precautions) Do you think Israel is intentionally or unintentionally killing civilians? (New York Times/Siena College, December 10–14, 2023)

	2023
Intentionally	22%
Unintentionally	21%
Don't know / Refused	5%
Previously: Is taking enough precautions to avoid civilian casualties	30%
Previously: Don't know / Refused	22%

(If not taking enough precautions) Do you think Israel is intentionally or unintentionally killing civilians? (New York Times/Siena College, December 10–14, 2023)

	2023
Intentionally	44%
Unintentionally	44%
Don't know / Refused	12%

Do you approve or disapprove of the president's handling of the Israel-Hamas war? (Democratic Majority for Israel, December 7-12, 2023)

	2023
Approve	29%
Disapprove	48%

Do you want the U.S. to support Israel in its war against Hamas? (Democratic Majority for Israel, December 7-12, 2023)

	2023
Yes	67%

Do you prefer a ceasefire with Hamas immediately or only after the terrorist group was disarmed and dismantled? (Democratic Majority for Israel, December 7-12, 2023)

	2023
Immediately	29%
After Hamas is disarmed and dismantled	48%

Asked of those who disapprove of the president’s handling. Do you disapprove because the president supports Israel too much, or the Palestinians too much, or is unrelated to his performance on the issue? (Democratic Majority for Israel, December 7-12, 2023)

	2023
Supports Israel too much	13%
Supports the Palestinians too much	16%
Unrelated	16%

Regardless of how you feel about President Biden's handling of the conflict, does Biden's support for Israel make you more likely to vote for him, less likely to vote for him, or doesn't it make much of a difference in who you will vote for? (Democratic Majority for Israel, December 7-12, 2023)

	2023
More likely	17%
Less likely	15%
No difference	68%

Which of the following statements about Israel comes CLOSEST to your opinion? (Wall Street Journal, November 29-December 4, 2023)

Israel is taking the military action needed to defend itself and prevent Hamas from attacking it again	55%
Israel’s military action is disproportionate and going too far in its response to the Hamas attack	25%
DK/Refused	20%

Overall, do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling the conflict between the Israelis and Palestinians? (AP/NORC, November 30-December 4, 2023)

	June 2021	August 2023	November 2023	December 2023
Approve	40%	35%	34%	37%
Disapprove	56%	61%	63%	61%

Thinking about the conflict between the Israelis and the Palestinians, do you think the United States is too supportive, not supportive enough or about right in its support? (AP-NORC, June 10-14, 2021, August 10-14, 2023, November 30-December 4, 2023)

	2021		Aug 2023		November 2023		December 2023
	Israel	Palestinians	Israel	Palestinians	Israel	Palestinians	Israel	Palestinians
Too supportive	29%	25%	27%	30%	34%	27%	32%	29%
About right	36%	37%	44%	42%	43%	35%	39%	37%
Not supportive enough	30%	32%	23%	21%	20%	33%	35%	31%

Thinking about the foreign policy goals of the United States, please tell me how important it is for the United States to do each the following: (AP/NORC, November 30-December 4, 2023)

% Extremely/Very Important	November 2023	December 2023
Provide humanitarian relief to Palestinians in Gaza	46%	46%
Recover hostages being held in Gaza by Hamas	63%	67%
Provide aid to Israel’s military to fight Hamas	36%	34%
Negotiate a permanent cease-fire between Israel and Hamas		48%

How much responsibility do each of the following have for Israel and Hamas currently being at war? (Pew, November 27-December 3, 2023)

	A lot	A little	None	Not Sure
Israeli government	35%	24%	16%	25%
Hamas, the militant Palestinian group	65%	9%	3%	22%
Israeli people	13%	28%	31%	28%
Palestinian people	20%	29%	21%	29%

Thinking about Israel’s current military operation against Hamas, is Israel… (Pew, November 27-December 3, 2023)

Going too far	27%
Not going far enough	16%
Taking about the right approach	25%
Not Sure	32%

Thinking about the war between Israel and Hamas, how concerned are you about the possibility of each of the following? (Pew, November 27-December 3, 2023)

	Concerned	Not Concerned
The war expanding to other countries in the region	79%	20%
The war leading to a terrorist attack in the United States	75%	25%
The war going on for a very long time	79%	19%
Increasing violence against Jewish people in the U.S.	79%	19%
Increasing violence against Muslim people in the U.S.	68%	30%

Do you think the United States is doing too much, about the right amount or not enough to provide military aid to Israel? (Gallup, November 1-21, 2023)

Too much	31%
Right amount	42%
Not enough	25%

Do you think the United States is doing too much, about the right amount or not enough to provide humanitarian aid to the Palestinians? (Gallup, November 1-21, 2023)

Too much	22%
Right amount	34%
Not enough	40%

Do you think the recent attack on Israel was a terrorist attack or not? (harrisx for Jewish Federations of North America and Conference of Presidents, November 13, 2023)

Yes	83%
No	17%

Do you think the recent attack on Israel focused on the Israeli military or indiscriminately targeted civilians? (harrisx for Jewish Federations of North America and Conference of Presidents, November 13, 2023)

Israeli military	22%
Indiscriminately targeted civilians	78%

Do you think the Hamas killing of 1200 Israeli civilians and the kidnapping of another 250 is justified by the grievances of Palestinians or is it not justified and a pure act of terror? (harrisx for Jewish Federations of North America and Conference of Presidents, November 13, 2023)

Is justified by the grievance of Palestinians	14%
Not justified and a pure act of terror	86%

Do you think Hamas is designated as a terrorist group by the U.S. government or is that not the case? (harrisx for Jewish Federations of North America and Conference of Presidents, November 13, 2023)

Designated as a terrorist organization	76%
Not the case	24%

Do you think that the attacks on Israelis and Jews were genocidal in nature or not genocidal? (harrisx for Jewish Federations of North America and Conference of Presidents, November 13, 2023)

Genocidal	73%
Not genocidal	27%

Is Israel or Hamas Responsible For…? (harrisx for Jewish Federations of North America and Conference of Presidents, November 13, 2023)

	Israel	Hamas
Putting civilians in Gaza in harm’s way	20%	80%
Triggering the humanitarian crisis in Gaza	23%	77%

Does HAMAS respect the rights of religious and ethnic minorities like Christians and Arabs or punishes them? (harrisx for Jewish Federations of North America and Conference of Presidents, November 13, 2023)

	Israel	Hamas
Respect their rights	65%	84%
Punishes them	35%	16%

HAMAS: Allows gay people to live together openly or punishes them? (harrisx for Jewish Federations of North America and Conference of Presidents, November 13, 2023)

Allows to live together openl	87%
Punishes them	13%

Does Israel have a responsibility to protect its citizens from terrorist attacks and rockets by retaliating against Hamas terrorists or not? (harrisx for Jewish Federations of North America and Conference of Presidents, November 13, 2023)

Yes	91%
No	9%

Does Israel have a right to defend itself against attacks by launching air strikes on terrorist targets in heavily populated areas? (harrisx for Jewish Federations of North America and Conference of Presidents, November 13, 2023)

Yes	81%
No	19%

Does Israel have a responsibility to bring back its abducted citizens home from Gaza or not? (harrisx for Jewish Federations of North America and Conference of Presidents, November 13, 2023)

Yes	95%
No	5%

Does the United States have a responsibility to bring back the hostages, which include 10 Americans, or not? (harrisx for Jewish Federations of North America and Conference of Presidents, November 13, 2023)

Yes	88%
No	12%

Do you support or oppose Israel sending troops to Gaza to liberate the 250 hostages and eliminate the Hamas threat or not? (harrisx for Jewish Federations of North America and Conference of Presidents, November 13, 2023)

Support	82%
Oppose	18%

Do you favor or oppose: $14b aid package for Israel? (harrisx for Jewish Federations of North America and Conference of Presidents, November 13, 2023)

Favor	58%
Oppose	42%

Is Iran behind the terrorist attacks in the region? (harrisx for Jewish Federations of North America and Conference of Presidents, November 13, 2023)

Iran is behind the attacks	68%
Iran is not behind the attacks	32%

Does Hamas use civilians in Gaza as human shields to hide from justice or not doing that? (harrisx for Jewish Federations of North America and Conference of Presidents, November 13, 2023)

Uses civilian shields	83%
Is not doing that	17%

Is Hamas supported by the majority of Palestinians or a terror group that rules with force and fear and not supported? (harrisx for Jewish Federations of North America and Conference of Presidents, November 13, 2023)

Supported by the majority of Palestinians in Gaza	27%
Terror group that rules the people of Gaza with fear and is not supported by them	73%

To what extent has there been a rise in anti-Semitism in the U.S. because of the Israel-Hamas War? (harrisx for Jewish Federations of North America and Conference of Presidents, November 13, 2023)

Large increase	51%
Small increase	34%
No increase at all	15%

Do you approve or disapprove of how President Biden is handling the war between Israel and Hamas? (NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist, November 6-9, 2023)

	October 2023	November 2023
Approve	44%	40%
Disapprove	52%	55%
DK/NA	4%	5%

Do you think Congress: (NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist, November 6-9, 2023)

Should only authorize additional funding to support Ukraine in the war with Russia	12%
Should only authorize additional funding to support Israel in the war with Hamas	14%
Should authorize additional funding to support both Ukraine and Israel	35%
Should not authorize additional funding for either war	36%

Do you think Israel´s military response to the attack by Hamas has been too much, too little, or about right? (NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist, November 6-9, 2023)

	October 2023	November 2023
Too much	26%	38%
Too little	27%	17%
About right	44%	38%

Do you approve or disapprove of the way Israel is responding to the October 7th Hamas terrorist attack? (Quinnipiac, November 2, 2023)

Approve	50%
Disapprove	35%
DK/NA	15%

Do you support or oppose the United States sending more military aid to Israel for their efforts in the war with Hamas? (Quinnipiac, November 2, 2023)

Approve	50%
Disapprove	35%
DK/NA	15%

Do you support or oppose the United States providing humanitarian assistance to help Palestinian civilians in Gaza? (Quinnipiac, November 2, 2023)

Support	71%
Oppose	24%
DK/NA	5%

Do you agree with Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu’s Oct. 30 statement: “Calls for a ceasefire are calls for Israel to surrender to Hamas, to surrender to terrorism, to surrender to barbarism. That will not happen.” (not exact wording) (Rasmussen Reports, October 31-November 2)

Agree	68%
Disagree	21%
Not sure	10%

The U.S. should call for a ceasefire and a de-escalation of violence in Gaza. The U.S. should leverage its close diplomatic relationship with Israel to prevent further violence and civilian deaths. (Data for Progress, October 18-19, 2023)

Somewhat/Strongly agree	66%
Somewhat/Strongly disagree	25%

Overall, how would you rate your attitude towards President Biden’s response to the current violence in Palestine and Israel? [Arab Americans only] (John Zogby Strategies, October 23-27, 2023)

Somewhat/Very Positive	51%
Somewhat/Very Negative	41%
DK/NA	7%

Regarding the current violence in Palestine and Israel, should the United States send weapons and military supplies to Israel? [Arab Americans only] (John Zogby Strategies, October 23-27, 2023)

Should	11%
Should not	68%
Not sure	11%

Regarding the current violence in Palestine and Israel, should the United States use its influence to call for a ceasefire in Gaza? [Arab Americans only] (John Zogby Strategies, October 23-27, 2023)

Should	68%
Should not	17%
Not sure	16%

Have you been concerned about expressing support for Palestinians since the most recent violence started? [Arab Americans only] (John Zogby Strategies, October 23-27, 2023)

Somewhat/Very Concerned	67%
Somewhat Unconcerned/Not Concerned at all	31%

Given the current climate in the U.S. in response to the recent violence in Palestine and Israel, how concerned are you about facing discrimination at school or work or in your community? [Arab Americans only] (John Zogby Strategies, October 23-27, 2023)

Somewhat/Very Concerned	50%
Somewhat Unconcerned/Not Concerned at all	45%

Given the current climate in the U.S. in response to the recent violence in Palestine and Israel, how concerned are you about your personal safety? [Arab Americans only](John Zogby Strategies, October 23-27, 2023)

Somewhat/Very Concerned	45%
Somewhat Unconcerned/Not Concerned at all	49%

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: “Colleges and universities that have put out statements on political issues in the past should put out statements condemning Hamas’ recent acts of terror in Israel.” (Buckley Institute, October 19-24, 2023)

Agree	55%
Disagree	21%

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: “In recent years, many colleges and universities in America have put out statements on issues like Black Lives Matter, the war in Ukraine and terrorism in Israel. Generally speaking, I support colleges and universities taking stances on political issues – controversial or not.” (Buckley Institute, October 19-24, 2023)

Agree	50%
Disagree	37%

As you may know, several student organizations at Harvard University signed a controversial letter that blames Israel entirely for the recent deadly attacks by Hamas on Israeli citizens. Multiple business leaders who have ties to Harvard University have expressed outrage and have said that they will NOT hire any students at their companies who have signed this letter. Do you support or oppose business leaders deciding NOT to hire Harvard students who signed this letter blaming Israel for the deadly attacks by Hamas? (Buckley Institute, October 19-24, 2023)

Support	53%
Oppose	29%

In general, what role do you want the United States to play in mediating the Israeli-Palestinian conflict? Should the United States? (University of Maryland, June 21-27, 2023, October 20-22, 2023)

	June 2023	October 2023
Lean toward Israel	25%	43%
Lean toward the Palestinians	6%	6%
Lean toward neither side	66%	48%

Do you think the recent attack on Israel was a terrorist attack or not? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Yes	86%
No	14%

Do you think the recent attack focused on the Israeli military or indiscriminately targeted civilians? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Israeli military	26%
Indiscriminately targeted civilians	74%

Do you think it’s true that Hamas terrorists killed 1200 Israeli civilians by shooting them, raping and beheading people
including whole families, kids and babies or is that a false story? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

True	83%
A false story	17%

Do you think Hamas fighters are more appropriately called militants or terrorists? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Militants	21%
Terrorists	79%

Do you think Hamas fighters are more appropriately called an armed Palestinian group or a terrorist group? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Palestinian group	24%
Terrorist group	76%

Do you think Hamas is designated as a terrorist group by the U.S. government or is that not the case? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Is designated as a terrorist group	78%
Is not	22%

Do you think that college students who blamed Israel for the violence killing 1200 of their civilians were condoning violence and terrorism or not supporting violence and terrorism? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Condoning violence and terrorism	58%
Not supporting violence and terrorism	42%

Should law firms hire or refuse to hire law students who supported Hamas and the attacks on Israeli civilians? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Yes	55%
No	45%

Do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling the Israeli-Hamas conflict? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Approve	44%
Disapprove	45%

Do you strongly approve, somewhat approve, somewhat disapprove or strongly disapprove of Joe Biden’s Israel policy? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Approve	58%
Disapprove	42%

Do you think Iran is behind the Hamas attacks on Israel or is Iran not behind them? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Iran is behind the attacks	69%
Iran is not behind the attacks	31%

Do you think the recent attack on Israel shows there is widespread antisemitism and hatred of Jews among Palestinians or does the attack reflect the actions of only terrorists and fundamentalists and not the will of Palestinian people? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Shows there is widespread antisemitism and hatred of Jews among Palestinians	56%
Reflect the actions of only terrorists and fundamentalists and not the will of Palestinian people?	44%

Do you think the recent attack on Israel was intended to provoke war and instability in the Middle East or not? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Yes	85%
No	15%

Does Israel have a responsibility to protect its citizens from terrorist attacks and rockets by retaliating against Hamas terrorists or not? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Yes	88%
No	12%

Does Israel have a responsibility to bring back its abducted citizens - mostly innocent children, women and the elderly -- home from Gaza or not? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Yes	89%
No	11%

Who do you think rules Gaza - Israel or Hamas? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Israel	46%
Hamas	54%

Do you think Israel should eliminate Hamas or agree instead to end its campaign now? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Eliminate Hamas	70%
End the campaign now	30%

Do you think it was right or wrong for Israel to cutoff power, water, and food to Gaza until its hostages are returned? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Right	63%
Wrong	37%

Do you approve or disapprove of the decision by Israel, at urging of President Biden, to provide food and water to Gaza even while hostages are still being held? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Approve	65%
Disapprove	35%

Some people say Hamas and Israel both have fairly equally just causes. Others says that there is no moral equivalency between the terrorist murders of Hamas and the actions of Israel. Which is closer to your view? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Both sides have equally just causes	39%
No moral equivalency	61%

Does Hamas hiding among civilians in Gaza show it has no interest in the safety and well-being of Palestinian citizens of the Gaza Strip, using them as human shields, or is Hamas being protected by the citizens of Gaza? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Shows Hamas has no interest in the safety and well-being of Palestinians in Gaza	78%
Shows Hamas is being protected by Palestinians in Gaza	22%

Is Israel justified in eliminating the Hamas government in Gaza which launched the terror attacks or not? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Yes	79%
No	21%

Should America stand with Israel in this conflict, back Hamas or not be involved at all? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Stand with Israel	62%
Back Hamas	8%
Not be involved	31%

Hamas killed 30 Americans in its attacks and is holding more Americans as hostages. Should the US demand release of all hostages under the threat of force or should it not get involved in trying to secure release of the hostages? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

End hostilities now	36%
Continue until it gets hostages back	64%

Do you think Israel should agree to end its hostilities against Gaza now or continue until it gets the hostages back and degrades the ability of Hamas to launch rockets against it? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

U.S. should demand release of hostages	82%
Not get involved	18%

Does the United States have a responsibility to militarily support Israel when the country and population is under attack by terrorist groups or not? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Has a responsibility	64%
Does not	36%

Does the United States have a responsibility to militarily support Israel when the country and population is under attack by terrorist groups or not? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Has a responsibility	60%
Should stay out of a potential conflict	40%

Does the United States have a responsibility to bring to safety over a dozen Americans abducted by Hamas terrorists or should it stay out of a potential middle east conflict? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Has a responsibility	71%
Should stay out of a potential conflict	29%

Should the United States directly intervene in the conflict if Iran attacks Israel? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Yes	59%
No	41%

Do you think that the American right or American left give more support to Hamas? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Right	43%
Left	57%

There was an explosion at a Gaza hospital. Do you think the explosion was caused by an Israeli airstrike or by a terrorist rocket that went off course? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Caused by Israeli airstrike	33%
Terrorist rocket that went off course	67%

Given that U.S. intelligence and Israeli intelligence have said and shown evidence that the hospital explosion was caused by an off-course terrorist rocket do you think the explosion was caused by an Israeli airstrike or by a terrorist rocket that went off course? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Caused by Israeli airstrike	32%
Terrorist rocket that went off course	68%

Do you think that the original declarations by Hamas that Israel bombed the hospital were true or Hamas propaganda? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

True	32%
Hamas propaganda	68%

Should news media have published the early hospital bombing claims of Hamas or waited for more evidence to publish their accusations? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Published early claims	27%
Waited for more evidence	73%

Do you think that US media is reporting the Israel-Hamas conflict fairly or is biased towards Israel or biased towards Hamas? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Fair	46%
Biased toward Israel	36%
Biased toward Hamas	18%

Do you think Hamas is trying to make peace with Israel or is Hamas just trying to destroy Israel? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Trying to make peace	22%
Trying to destroy Israel	78%

Some Democratic members of Congress like Rashid Taleb have favored Hamas and blamed Israel for the hospital attack despite the evidence to the contrary. Should they be censured in Congress for spreading false information and supporting terrorist or not censured for this action? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Censured	70%
Not censured	30%

Do you think universities have a moral obligation to condemn the Hamas terrorist killings or should they not make any statements on it? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Obligation to condemn Hamas terrorist killings	53%
Not make any statement	47%

Do you think big U.S. corporations have a moral obligation to condemn the Hamas terrorist killings or should they not make
any statements on it? (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, October 18, 2023)

Obligation to condemn Hamas terrorist killings	51%
Not make any statement	49%

Do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling the Israel-Hamas war? (The Economist/YouGov, October 14-17, 2023)

Strongly approve	15%
Somewhat approve	22%
Somewhat disapprove	14%
Strongly disapprove	25%
Not sure	25%

Do you think that the Israeli government’s response to the attack by Hamas has been...? (The Economist/YouGov, October 14-17, 2023)

Too harsh	18%
About right	32%
Not harsh enough	22%
Not sure	28%

How many Palestinian people do you think support Hamas’ attack on Israel? (The Economist/YouGov, October 14-17, 2023)

All of them	5%
Most of them	24%
About half of them	17%
A few of them	17%
None of them	2%
Not sure	34%

How likely do you think it is that the war between Israel and Hamas will lead to a wider war involving other countries? (The Economist/YouGov, October 14-17, 2023)

Very likely	22%
Fairly likely	40%
Not very likely	14%
Not at all likely	2%
Not sure	22%

When do you think the war between Israel and Hamas will end? (The Economist/YouGov, October 14-17, 2023)

Less than a month from now	5%
A month or two from now	11%
Two to six months from now	10%
Six months to a year from now	9%
More than a year from now	18%
Not sure	47%

Do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling the response to - the Hamas terrorist attack on Israel? (Quinnipiac, October 12 – 16, 2023)

Approve	42%
Disapprove	37%
DK/NA	21%

Regardless of your overall feelings toward the Israelis and the Palestinians, who do you think is more responsible for the outbreak of violence in the Middle East: Israel or Hamas? (Quinnipiac, October 12 – 16, 2023)

Israel	10%
Hamas	72%
Both	6%
DK/NA	12%

Do you approve or disapprove of the United States sending weapons and military equipment to Israel in response to the Hamas terrorist attack? (Quinnipiac, October 12 – 16, 2023)

Approve	64%
Disapprove	28%
DK/NA	8%

How concerned are you that the war between Israel and Hamas will escalate into a wider war in the Middle East; very concerned, somewhat concerned, not so concerned, or not concerned at all? (Quinnipiac, October 12 – 16, 2023)

Very concerned	49%
Somewhat concerned	36%
Not so concerned	8%
Not concerned at all	5%
DK/NA	1%

Do you think the Israeli government’s military response to the Hamas attacks is: (CNN, October 12-13, 2023)

Fully justified	50%
Partially justified	20%
Not at all justified	8%
Unsure	21%

In the current situation, how much sympathy do you feel for the Israeli people? (CNN, October 12-13, 2023)

A lot	71%
Some	25%
None at all	4%

In the current situation, how much sympathy do you feel for the Palestinian people? (CNN, October 12-13, 2023)

A lot	41%
Some	46%
None at all	13%

How much do you trust President Joe Biden to make the right decisions about the situation in Israel? (CNN, October 12-13, 2023)

A great deal	16%
A moderate amount	31%
Not much	26%
None at all	28%

Do you think the assistance the U.S. is providing Israel in response to the current situation is: (CNN, October 12-13, 2023)

About right	35%
Too much	15%
Too little	14%
Unsure	36%

How worried are you that the fighting between Israel and Hamas will lead to terrorism in the U.S.? (CNN, October 12-13, 2023)

Very	23%
Somewhat	43%
Not too	23%
Not at all	12%

Do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling the war between Israel and Hamas? (ABC News/IPSOS, October 13-14, 2023)

Approve	41%
Dispprove	54%

Which political party do you trust to do a better job handling the war between Israel and Hamas? (ABC News/IPSOS, October 13-14, 2023)

Democrats	24%
Republicans	26%
Both equally	12%
Neither	37%

Do you think the United States is doing too much, too little, or about the right amount to support Israel in its war with Hamas? (ABC News/IPSOS, October 13-14, 2023)

Too much	18%
Too little	29%
About the right amount	49%

Do you think the United States does or does not have a responsibility to protect Israeli civilians? (ABC News/IPSOS, October 13-14, 2023)

Does	53%
Does not	43%

Do you think the United States does or does not have a responsibility to protect Palestinian civilians? (ABC News/IPSOS, October 13-14, 2023)

Does	31%
Does not	54%

Do you agree or disagree that American diplomats should actively be working on a plan to allow civilians fleeing fighting in Gaza to move to a safe country? (Reuters/IPSOS, October 12-13, 2023)

Agree	78%
Disagree	22%

Should the U.S. support Israel or the Palestinians in the conflict in Gaza? (Reuters/IPSOS, October 12-13, 2023)

	2014	2023
The U.S. should support Israel	22%	41%
The U.S. should support the Palestinians	2%	2%
The U.S. should be a neutral mediator		27%
The U.S. shouldn’t be involved at all		21%

Do you agree or disagree that Israel should avoid killing civilians in its retaliatory strikes against Hamas? (Reuters/IPSOS, October 12-13, 2023)

Agree	81%
Disagree	19%

Who is most responsible for the current conflict? (Reuters/IPSOS, October 12-13, 2023)

Israel	9%
Hamas	49%

Do you approve or disapprove of how President Biden is handling the war between Israel and Hamas? (NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist Poll, October 11, 2023)

	2014	2023
Approve	30%	45%
Disapprove	55%	50%

Do you think Israel´s military response to the attack by Hamas has been too much, too little, or about right? ( NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist Poll, October 11, 2023)

	2023
Too much	26%
Too little	27%
About right	44%

Are you very concerned, concerned, not very concerned, or not concerned at all that the war between Israel and Hamas will lead to a broader war in the Middle East? ( NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist Poll, October 11, 2023)

	2023
Very concerned/ Concerned	79%
Not very concerned/Not concerned at all	20%

Thinking about the war between Israel and Hamas, should the United States government: ( NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist Poll, October 11, 2023)

	2009*	2023
Publicly support Israel	39%	65%
Say or do nothing	38%	23%
Publicly criticize Israel	9%	8%

*Over the past few weeks, there has been a significant military conflict between Israel and Hamas in the Gaza Strip.)...What should the United States do in this conflict? Should the United States government publicly support Israel, should it say or do nothing, or should it publicly criticize Israel?

Operation Guardian of the Walls

Several members of Congress suggested withholding possible sale of arms to Israel, after its bombings of Gaza resulted in the death of over 250 people, mostly civilians, during intense fighting that also saw 12 Israelis, mostly civilians, killed by Hamas rockets. In general, do you support linking American arms supplies to Israel to Israel’s actions toward Palestinians? (University of Maryland, June 22-July 21, 2021)

	Rep	Ind	Dem	Total
Yes	32.3%	21.2%	36.3%	33.1%
No	50.3%	46.4%	43.4%	46.6%
Don’t Know	17.4%	32.4%	20.3%	20.3%

Who is mostly to blame [for the recent eruption of violence between Israel and the Palestinians, including the Israeli bombings of Gaza and rockets fired at Israel]? (University of Maryland, June 22-July 21, 2021)

	Rep	Ind	Dem	Total
Israelis	3.7%	13.8%	34.8%	19.2%
Palestinians	59.1%	23.7%	8.1%	32.1%
Both equally	31.3%	53.1%	52.5%	43.1%
Neither	5.9%	9.4%	4.6%	5.6%

Considering the high level of civilian casualties and destruction, how would you evaluate President Biden’s effort to end the fighting: (University of Maryland, June 22-July 21, 2021)

	Rep	Ind	Dem	Total
I highly approve	2.7%	8.4%	14.7%	9.0%
I somewhat approve	17.2%	36.8%	57.6%	38.4%
I somewhat disapprove	32.2%	29.9%	23.7%	28.0%
I highly disapprove	47.9%	24.9%	4.0%	24.7%

Which of the following statements comes closest to your view of President Joe Biden’s approach to the current 6ghting between Israelis and Palestinians, even if neither statement is exactly right? (Vox, May 19-21, 2021)

Biden is too supportive of Israel	15%
Biden has taken the right approach towards Israel	32%
Biden is not supportive enough of Israel	34%
Don’t know	20%

Which of the following statements comes closest to your view of President Joe Biden’s approach to the current 6ghting between Israelis and Palestinians, even if neither statement is exactly right? (Vox, May 19-21, 2021)

Biden is too supportive of the Palestinians	27%
Biden has taken the right approach towards the Palestinians	33%
Biden is not supportive enough of the Palestinians	18%
Don’t know	22%

Violence in the region recently escalated to the worst it’s been in years, with the Palestinian militant group Hamas launching rockets at cities in Israel, and the Israeli military launching airstrikes in Gaza, the occupied Palestinian territory controlled by Hamas. As of Monday, 192 people had been killed in Gaza by Israeli military actions and 10 people had been killed in Israel by Hamas rockets. President Joe Biden has supported a ceasefire, condemned the actions of Hamas and has said he does not think Israel’s response was disproportionate. Which of the following statements comes closest to your view as to how President Joe Biden should respond to the current 6ghting between Israelis and the Palestinians, even if neither statement is exactly right? (Vox, May 19-21, 2021)

The administration should condemn Israel’s actions	18%
The administration has the right approach to Israel	31%
The administration should be more supportive of Israel	35%
Don’t know	16%

Violence in the region recently escalated to the worst it’s been in years, with the Palestinian militant group Hamas launching rockets at cities in Israel, and the Israeli military launching airstrikes in Gaza, the occupied Palestinian territory controlled by Hamas. As of Monday, 192 people had been killed in Gaza by Israeli military actions and 10 people had been killed in Israel by Hamas rockets. Which of the following statements comes closest to your view as to how President Joe Biden should respond to the current 6ghting between Israelis and the Palestinians, even if neither statement is exactly right? (Vox, May 19-21, 2021)

The administration should condemn Israel’s actions	23%
The administration has the right approach to Israel	27%
The administration should be more supportive of Israel	30%
Don’t know	21%

Violence in the region recently escalated to the worst it’s been in years, with the Palestinian militant group Hamas launching rockets at cities in Israel, and the Israeli military launching airstrikes in Gaza, the occupied Palestinian territory controlled by Hamas. As of Monday, 192 people had been killed in Gaza by Israeli military actions and 10 people had been killed in Israel by Hamas rockets. President Joe Biden has supported a ceasefire, condemned the actions of Hamas and has said he does not think Israel’s response was disproportionate. Which of the following statements comes closest to your view as to how President Joe Biden should respond to the current 6ghting between Israelis and the Palestinians, even if neither statement is exactly right? (Vox, May 19-21, 2021)

The administration should condemn Hamas further	44%
The administration has the right approach towards Hamas	31%
The administration should be more supportive of Hamas	8%
Don’t know	17%

Violence in the region recently escalated to the worst it’s been in years, with the Palestinian militant group Hamas launching rockets at cities in Israel, and the Israeli military launching airstrikes in Gaza, the occupied Palestinian territory controlled by Hamas. As of Monday, 192 people had been killed in Gaza by Israeli military actions and 10 people had been killed in Israel by Hamas rockets. Which of the following statements comes closest to your view as to how President Joe Biden should respond to the current 6ghting between Israelis and the Palestinians, even if neither statement is exactly right? (Vox, May 19-21, 2021)

The administration should condemn Hamas further	43%
The administration has the right approach towards Hamas	25%
The administration should be more supportive of Hamas	6%
Don’t know	25%

Who is resonsible for the recent violence Hamas or Israel? [not exact wording] (Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll, May 19-20, 2021)

Hamas	60%
Israel	40%

Which side of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict are you more sympathetic toward? (Morning Consult/Politico, May 14-17, 2021)

Israelis	28%
Palestinians	11%
Both	29%
DK/No Opinion	32%

When it comes to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, what are you most concerned about?
(The Brookings Institution, December 2014)

	Total
I am not concerned about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict	21%
I am mostly concerned about maintaining international law	8%
I am mostly concerned about protecting human rights	15%
I am mostly concerned about the Palestinian interests	1%
I am mostly concerned about the consequences for American interests	24%
I am mostly concerned about Israeli interests	14%
Refuse to answer	1%

OPERATION PROTECTIVE EDGE

Do you think the current conflict between the Israelis and Palestinians is more serious than past conflicts between them, less serious, or about the same?
(Gallup, July 22-23, 2014)

	Total
Operation Protective Edge is more serious	45%
Operation Protective Edge is less serious	3%
Operation Protective Edge is the same level of seriousness	43%
No opinion	10%

Has Israel gone too far in it’s response to Hamas during this conflict?
(Pew Research, July 28, 2014)

	Total
Israel’s response has been appropriate	35%
Israel’s response has gone too far	25%
Israel has not gone far enough	15%

Who bears more responsibility for the current conflict?
(Pew Research, July 28, 2014)

	Total
Israel is more responsible for the current violence	19%
Hamas is more responsible for the current violence	40%
They are both equally responsible for the current violence	14%

Is your view of the following actions that they are justified or unjustified?
(Gallup, July 24, 2014)

	Justified	Unjustified	No opinion
Israel’s actions against Hamas	42%	39%	20%
Hamas’ actions against Israel	11%	70%	20%

Who is more to blame for the escalation of conflict in Gaza: Israel or the Palestinians?
(Rasmussen Reports, July 7-8, 2014)

	Total
Israel	15%
The Palestinians	42%
No Opinion	43%

Do you think Israel was justified or unjustified in taking military action against Hamas and the Palestinians in the area known as Gaza?
(CCN/ORC International, July 21, 2014)

	Total
Yes, justified	57%
No, unjustified	34%
No Opinion	9%

OPERATION PILLAR OF DEFENSE

Was Israel justified or unjustified in taking military action against Hamas and the Palestinians in Gaza?
(CNN/ORC International, November 16-18, 2012)

	Men	Women	White	Non-White	Total
Justified	64%	51%	64%	40%	57%
Not Justified	21%	28%	20%	35%	25%
No Opinion	15%	22%	16%	24%	19%

OPERATION "CAST LEAD"

Who do you blame more for the conflict in the Gaza Strip?
(The Israel Project National Survey, January 10-12, 2009)

Strongly Israel	8%
Not-So-Strongly - Israel	9%
Not-So-Strongly - Palestinians	17%
Strongly - Palestinians	39%

Who do you blame more for the current humanitarian crisis in the Gaza Strip?
(The Israel Project National Survey, January 10-12, 2009)

Israel	17%
Hamas	66%
Don’t Know	13%
No Opinion	4%

Who is most responsible for the outbreak of violence?*
(Pew Research Center, January 7-11, 2009)

Israel	12%
Hamas	41%
Both	5%
Other	7%
Don’t Know	37%

Do you approve or disapprove of Israeli actions in Gaza?
(Pew Research Center, January 7-11, 2009)

Approve	40%
Disapprove	33%
Don’t Know	27%

Israel has...* (Pew Research Center, January 7-11, 2009)

Gone too far	24%
Not gone far enough	7%
Responded about right	50%
DK	19%

*Not exact questions wording.

The U.S. should be ...* (Pew Research Center, January 7-11, 2009)

More involved	17%
Less involved	27%
As involved as it is	48%
DK	8%

*Not exact questions wording.

What should U.S. do?* (Pew Research Center, January 7-11, 2009)

Publicly support Israel	39%
Say or do nothing	38%
Publicly criticize Israel	9%
DK	14%

*Not exact questions wording.

Thinking about the current fighting in the Middle East, do you think Barack Obama should announce a firm public position on the conflict now, or wait until he takes office on January 20th to take a firm public position on the issue? (Gallup, January 6-7, 2009)

Should announce position now	19%
Should wait to announce position	75%
No opinion	6%

Thinking about the current fighting between the Israelis and Palestinians in Gaza, do you think the Bush administration should be doing more, is doing the right amount, or should be doing less to help resolve the conflict? (Gallup, January 6-7, 2009)

Should be doing more	33%
Doing the right amount	30%
Should be doing less	22%
No opinion	16%

As you may know, violence has recently erupted in the Middle East in the Gaza Strip and Israel. Based on what you have seen, read or heard, do you think that the use of force by Israel/Hamas has been excessive or is appropriate given the circumstances? (McClatchy / Ipsos, January, 6, 2009)

	Hamas	Israel
Excessive	57%
Appropriate	18%	44%
(DK/NS)	25%	20%

Do you personally make a distinction between Hamas and the Palestinian people, or not?(McClatchy / Ipsos, January, 6, 2009)

Make a distinction	37%
Do Not Make a distinction	53%
(DK/NS)	10%

And regardless of your personal feelings, who do you believe is more to blame for the current conflict?(McClatchy / Ipsos, January, 6, 2009)

Israel	14%
Hamas	44%
(DK/NS)	29%
Both	9%
Neither	4%

Now, do you think the United States should or should not favor creating a Palestinian state?(McClatchy / Ipsos, January, 6, 2009)

Should favor	31%
Should not favor	45%
(DK/NS)	24%

Who is more to blame for the current situation…..Israel or the Palestinians? (Rasmussen Reports, December 30, 2008)

Israel	13%
The Palestinians	55%
Not sure	32%

Should Israel have taken military action against the Palestinians or should it have tried to find a diplomatic solution? (Rasmussen Reports, December 30, 2008)

Taken military action	44%
Tried to find a diplomatic solution	41%
Not sure	15%

How likely is it that this latest violence in the Gaza Strip will escalate into a more widespread war between Israel and the Arabs in the Middle East? (Rasmussen Reports, December 30, 2008)

Very likely	30%
Somewhat likely	36%
Not very likely	19%
Not at all likely	3%
Not sure	11%

How likely is it that the latest military action by Israel will create more terrorism against the United States? (Rasmussen Reports, December 30, 2008)

Very likely	17%
Somewhat likely	34%
Not very likely	27%
Not at all likely	9%
Not sure	12%

American Opinion Toward Israeli Operations in Gaza