PThe International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) is an intergovernmental body whose purpose is to place political and social leaders' support behind the need for Holocaust education, remembrance, and research both nationally and internationally. The Alliance has 33 members.

The committee on Anti-Semitism and Holocaust Denial called the IHRA Plenary in Budapest in 2015 to adopt the following working definition of anti-Semitism:

“Anti-Semitism is a certain perception of Jews, which may be expressed as hatred toward Jews. Rhetorical and physical manifestations of anti-Semitism are directed toward Jewish or non-Jewish individuals and/or their property, toward Jewish community institutions and religious facilities.”

To guide IHRA in its work, the following examples may serve as illustrations:

Manifestations might include the targeting of the state of Israel, conceived as a Jewish collectivity. However, criticism of Israel similar to that leveled against any other country cannot be regarded as anti-Semitic. Anti-Semitism frequently charges Jews with conspiring to harm humanity, and it is often used to blame Jews for “why things go wrong.” It is expressed in speech, writing, visual forms, and action, and employs sinister stereotypes and negative character traits.

Contemporary examples of anti-Semitism in public life, the media, schools, the workplace, and in the religious sphere could, taking into account the overall context, include, but are not limited to:

Calling for, aiding, or justifying the killing or harming of Jews in the name of a radical ideology or an extremist view of religion.
Making mendacious, dehumanizing, demonizing, or stereotypical allegations about Jews as such or the power of Jews as collective — such as, especially but not exclusively, the myth about a world Jewish conspiracy or of Jews controlling the media, economy, government or other societal institutions.
Accusing Jews as a people of being responsible for real or imagined wrongdoing committed by a single Jewish person or group, or even for acts committed by non-Jews.
Denying the fact, scope, mechanisms (e.g. gas chambers) or intentionality of the genocide of the Jewish people at the hands of National Socialist Germany and its supporters and accomplices during World War II (the Holocaust).
Accusing the Jews as a people, or Israel as a state, of inventing or exaggerating the Holocaust.
Accusing Jewish citizens of being more loyal to Israel, or to the alleged priorities of Jews worldwide, than to the interests of their own nations.
Denying the Jewish people their right to self-determination, e.g., by claiming that the existence of a State of Israel is a racist endeavor.
Applying double standards by requiring of it a behavior not expected or demanded of any other democratic nation.
Using the symbols and images associated with classic anti-Semitism (e.g., claims of Jews killing Jesus or blood libel) to characterize Israel or Israelis.
Drawing comparisons of contemporary Israeli policy to that of the Nazis.
Holding Jews collectively responsible for actions of the state of Israel.

Anti-Semitic acts are criminal when they are so defined by law (for example, denial of the Holocaust or distribution of anti-Semitic materials in some countries).

Criminal acts are anti-Semitic when the targets of attacks, whether they are people or property – such as buildings, schools, places of worship, and cemeteries – are selected because they are, or are perceived to be, Jewish or linked to Jews.

Anti-Semitic discrimination is the denial to Jews of opportunities or services available to others and is illegal in many countries.

As of December 8, 2025, 47 countries, 35 U.S. states, and the District of Columbia) had adopted the Working Definition.

Governments and Bodies that Have Adopted or Endorsed the Working Definition

United States	May 26, 2016
United Kingdom	December 12, 2016
Israel	January 22, 2017 (the Knesset adopted it separately on June 22, 2022)
Austria	April 25, 2017
Romania	May 25, 2017
European Union	June 1, 2017
Germany	September 20, 2017
Bulgaria	October 18, 2017
Belgium	December 14, 2018
Slovenia	December 20, 2018
Sweden	January 27, 2018 January 21, 2020
Lithuania	January 24, 2018
Republic of North Macedonia	March 6, 2018
Netherlands	November 27, 2018
Slovakia	November 28, 2018
Republic of Moldova	January 18, 2019
Czech Republic	January 25, 2019
Hungary	February 18, 2019
State of Florida	May 31, 2019
Canada	June 27, 2019
Luxembourg	July 10, 2019
Greece	November 8, 2019
France	February 20, 2019
Cyprus	December 18, 2019
Italy	January 17, 2020
Uruguay	January 27, 2020
State Of Connecticut	January 27, 2020
State of Maine	January 27, 2020
State of New Hampshire	January 27, 2020
State of Rhode Island	January 27, 2020
Serbia	February 27, 2020
Argentina	June 4, 2020
Spain	July 22, 2020
Kosovo	September 14, 2020
Albania	October 22, 2020
Bahrain	October 22, 2020
State of Vermont	January 27, 2021
Guatemala	January 28, 2021
State of Kentucky	February 28, 2021
Estonia	April 2021
Switzerland	June 4, 2021
Government of Quebec	June 10, 2021
State of Texas	June 16, 2021
Portugal	July 28, 2021
South Korea	August 4, 2021
Madrid	September 23, 2021
Poland	October 2021
Australia	October 13, 2021
State of Montana	December 6, 2021
Denmark	January 2022
State of Alabama	January 26, 2022
State of Idaho	January 26, 2022
State of Nevada	January 26, 2022
State of Oklahoma	January 26, 2022
State of Tennessee	January 26, 2022
State of Utah	January 26, 2022
State of Virginia	January 26, 2022
State of West Virginia	January 26, 2022
State of Wyoming	January 26, 2022
Finland	February 17, 2022
Philippines	February 18, 2022
State of Massachusetts	February 18, 2022
State of Iowa	March 24, 2022
State of Kansas	March 2022
State of Ohio	April 14, 2022
State of Arizona	April 19, 2022
State of Alaska	April 27, 2022
Colombia	June 22, 2022
State of New York	June 12, 2022
Bosnia & Herzegovina	July 27, 2022
State of New Mexico	August 16, 2022
Vancouver	November 16, 2022
Croatia	January 20, 2023
State of Arkansas	February 27, 2023
Latvia	April 12, 2023
State of North Dakota	April 18, 2023
Panama	July 25, 2023
Missouri	September 19, 2023
State of Colorado	October 13, 2023
State of Nebraska	November 22, 2023
State of Georgia	January 26, 2024
State of South Dakota	February 23, 2024
State of South Carolina	May 23, 2024
State of North Carolina	June 26, 2024
Ireland	January 16, 2025
Paraguay	December 4, 2025

Members of the IHRA

Argentina	Germany	Poland
Austria	Greece	Portugal
Belgium	Hungary	Romania
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Ireland	Serbia
Canada	Israel	Slovakia
Croatia	Italy	Slovenia
Czech Republic	Latvia	Spain
Denmark	Lithuania	Sweden
Estonia	Luxembourg	Switzerland
Finland	Netherlands	United Kingdom
France	Norway	United States of America

Sources: International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance Definition of Anti-Semitism.
“Combat Antisemitism Movement & Center for the Study of Contemporary European Jewry IHRA Working Definitiozn of Antisemitism Adoption Report,” (August 16, 2022).
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Lahav Harkov, “Italy adopts IHRA definition of antisemitism,” Jerusalem Post, (January 19, 2020).
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