Modern Israel & the Diaspora

(1960-1969)

1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

1960

	Theodore Heuss is the first German president to visit Israel.
	Founding of the Jewish Reconstructionist movement (as a distinct denomination; Mordecai Kaplan): 1960s.
	Hadassah Hospital and Hebrew University Medical School inaugurated at Ein Kerem, Jerusalem.
	Letters from the Bar Kochba archive are discovered in a dig in the Judean desert.
January 18	Egypt announces USSR will finance second stage of Aswan High Dam.
February 20	Jordan opposes in Arab League creation of a Palestinian entity.
March 10	Ben-Gurion meets with President Eisenhower at White House.
April 26	Terrorists killed a resident of Ashkelon.
May 23	Adolf Eichmann is captured in Argentina by Israeli agents of the Mossad, who bring him to Israel for trial for his involvement in Hitler's extermination of the Jews.
	Ben-Gurion announces in Knesset capture of Eichmann.
July 23	Shah declares that Iran recognizes Israel de facto.
July 25	Egypt breaks its ties with Iran.

1961

	Operation Yachin bring Moroccan Jews to Israel as Morocco leaglizes immigration to Israel.
	Israel's first nuclear reactor becomes operational at Nahal Sorek.
January 11	The Egoz, a ship bringing Morccan Jews to Israel - sinks.
March 16	IDF raids Syrian positions east of Sea of Galilee, following Syrian shelling.
April 9	Security Council condemns Israel for Galilee raid.
April 11	Eichmann trial begins at Beit Ha'am in Jerusalem.
	Israel Beer, military historian and advisor to the Minister of Defense, is arrested for spying for the USSR and is sentenced to 15 years in jail.
August 15	Elections for the Fifth Knesset.
September	Civil war in Yemen - Egypt and Saudi Arabia intervene.
September 28	Syrian military coup d'etat breaks up the UAR.
December 11	Eichmann found guilty.
December 15	Eichmann sentenced to death by hanging, the first and only person in Israel to receive the death sentence.

1962

	Haifa University is opened.
	Archeological excavations commence at Masada, under the direction of Professor Yigal Yadin.
	United States' sale of Hawk missiles to Israel is concluded.
April 12	Terrorists fired on an Egged bus on the way to Eilat; one passenger was wounded.
May 31	Adolf Eichmann is executed in Israel for his part in the Holocaust.

1963

	In a landmark Supreme Court decision, the Ministry of Interior is ordered to recognize the marriage of a Jew and a Christian performed in Cyprus.
February 8	Pro-Egyptian Colonel Arif overthrows Qassim regime in Iraq
March 8	Officers group connected with Ba'ath party takes over power in Syria.
March 20	Knesset calls on West Germany to forbid its scientists to aid Egyptian missiles and arms development.
April 17	Egypt, Syria and Iraq agree on new federation; also call for liberation of Palestine.
April 23	President Yitzchak Ben-Tzvi dies.
May 21	Zalman Shazar becomes Israel's third President.
June 16	David Ben-Gurion resigns as Prime Minister and Minister of Defense and retires. He is replaced by Levi Eshkol.
June 24	Prime Minister Levi Eshkol presents his government to the Knesset.
July 22	Nasser renounces Egypt's federation agreement with Syria and Iraq, and denounces Syria's Ba'ath party.
November 18	Military coup in Iraq; Arif becomes President.

1964

	Student Struggle for Soviet Union founded following U.S. march to protest Soviet anti-Jewish policies.
January 5	Pope Paul VI visits Israel as part of a Middle East Tour.
January 14	United Arab Summit in Cairo establish Unified Military Commando to prepare for war against Israel.
May 28	The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) is founded in Jordanian-controlled East Jerusalem.
June	The National Water Carrier begins operations, bringing water from Lake Kinneret in the north to the semi-arid south.
June 2	Eshkol ends two days of talks with President Johnson in White House.
June 3	Israel wins the Asia Soccer Cup, beating South Korea 2-1 in the final.
July 9	Ze'ev Jabotinsky's remains are interred on Mt. Herzl.
September 5-11	Arab Summit conference in Alexandria agrees on measures to divert Jordan River headwaters.

1965

	President Lyndon B. Johnson signs into law the Immigration Act of 1965, abolishing the national origins quota system.
	Arafat's Fatah begins the “armed struggle” against Israel, undertaking its first cross-border attack on January 1.
	Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba proposes recognition of Israel.
January 1	Palestinian terrorists attempt to bomb the National Water Carrier - the first attack carried out by the PLO's Fatah faction.
February 12	West Germany announces suspension of arms sales to Israel.
May 11	The Israel Museum in Jerusalem is founded as the country's national museum.
May 12	Israel and West Germany establish diplomatic relations.
May 18	Eli Cohen is hanged in Damascus after being found guilty of spying for Israel.
May 31	Jordanian Legionnaires fired on the neighborhood of Musara in Jerusalem, killing two civilians and wounding four.
June 1	Syria declares: Only solution for Palestine - elimination of Israel.
July 5	A Fatah cell planted explosives near Beit Guvrin, and on the railroad tracks to Jerusalem near Kfar Battir.
July 15	Chief of Staff Rabin says Israel has effectively deterred Arab States from diverting Jordan River headwaters.
	Teddy Kollek becomes Mayor of Jerusalem; he is re-elected six times and serves 28 years.
November 2	Elections for the Sixth Knesset.
December 29	U.S. confirms sale of tanks to Jordan.

1966

	The new Knesset building in Jerusalem is inaugurated.
	The Coca-Cola Company announces it will open a plant in Israel in defiance of the the Arab Boycott.
May 2	Konrad Adenauer visits Israel.
May 16	Two Israelis killed when their jeep hit a terrorist landmine in Northern Galilee. Tracks led into Syria.
May 18	Eshkol declares in Knesset that Israel will not be first to introduce nuclear weapons to Middle East; calls for limitations on regional arms build-up.
May 19	U.S. confirms sale of jet fighters to Israel.
July 13	Two soldiers and 1 civilian killed when their truck struck a terrorist landmine near Almagor.
July 25	Serious clashes between Israel and Syria, followed by inconclusive Security Council debate.
November 4	Syria and Egypt sign mutual defence treaty providing for joint command.
November 13	Israel raids Samu village following incursions from Jordan.
December 10	Israeli writer Shmuel Yosef Agnon receives the Nobel Prize in Literature with a German-Jewish author, Nelly Sachs.

1967

	Ben Gurion University of the Negev is opened.
January	Heavy fighting along Israel-Syria borders.
April 7	Israeli aircraft shoot down 7 Syrian Migs.
April 11	Security Council deplores Arab attacks on Israel.
May 7-14	Reports circulating in Tel Aviv of pending Israeli attack against Syria
May 13	UAR recieves intelligence reports, apprarantly from Soviets, warning of Israeli attack on Syria.
May 14	Nasser declares alert in Egypt and bolsters his forces in Sinai. UAR chief-of-staff flies to Damascus.
May 15	Egyptian forces continue pouring into Sinai, UAR forces stand on alert, deployment begins.
May 16	Israeli's begin to show concern over UAR deployments towards Sinai . Propoganda campaign begins in UAR and spreads across the Arab world.
May 17	Egyptian President Nasser orders UN forces to evacuate the Gaza Strip and Sinai. Reports of UAR troops being withdrawn from Yemen to Sinai. Israel begins mobilization.
May 18	UAR calls for the United Nations Emergency Force to withdraw from Egyptian territory.
May 19	UN Emergency Force withdrawn at Egypt's request. Israel declares partial mobilization.
May 20	Nasser declares alert in Egypt and state of emergency in Gaza. Unites with 111 other Arab nations two of which (Syria and Iraq) openly called for the destruction of Israel. Sixth fleet carrier task groups directed to move eastward towards Crete.
May 21	UAR mobilizes reserves.
May 22	Egypt declares the Straits of Tiran closed to Israeli shipping.
May 23	Eshkol warns Egypt of gravity of blockade.
May 23	Security Council adjourns, having failed to take any action on Middle East crisis.
May 30	Egypt and Jordan sign mutual defence pact in Cairo.
June 1	National Unity Government formed; Moshe Dayan appointed Defense Minister.
June 2	Joint-Chiefs-of-Staff permits Sixth Fleet to commence in-port upkeep periods, reflecting relaxation of tensions.
June 3	Iraq joins UAR-Jordan defense pact.
June 4	UAR and Iraq forces enter Jordan
June 5	Israeli air force pre-emptively attacks Egyptian, Jordanian, Syrian and Iraqi air force bases; efectively neutralizing them. IDF ground forces attack Egyptian forces in Sinai and the Gaza Strip. Israeli Prime Minister Levi Eshkol conveys message to King Hussein of Jordan through UN Chief of Staff in Jerusalem that Israel has no intentions of attacking Jordan. At 10:20 Jordan launches attack on Israel.Following Jordanian artillery and small arms attacks and a Jordanian incursion into the DMZ in Jerusalem, IDF forces commence operations against Jordanian military positions in Judea, Samaria, and Jerusalem. MOLINK exchanges with Soviet leaders begins. UAR and Jordan begin concocting and disseminating false intervention charge. Crisis in Benghazi where British troops rescue trapped Americans. Crisis at Wheelus AB.
June 6	Egyptian forces continue pouring into Sinai. Initial U.S. military moves negative, to avoid giving impression of U.S. intervantion. JCS disapproves movement of Amphibious Force from Malta,. Algeria, UAR, Syria, Sudan, and Yemen break relations with the U.S. Algeria and Kuwait ban all shipments to the U.S. and the U.K.
June 7	Jerusalem reunited.
June 8	IDF completes deployment in Sinai (including the Gaza Strip). Cease-fire declared with Egypt and Jordan as fighting continues with Syria. USS Liberty mistankenly attacked by Israeli Air Force.
June 9	IDF forces move against Syrian forces on the Golan Heights.
	President Nasser resigns, withdraws resignation some hours later.
June 10	IDF completes deployment in the Golan Heights; cease-fire declared with Syria. USSR and other East European nations, except Rumania, sever diplomatic ties with Israel.
June 12	Israel announces it will not withdraw to 1949 armistice lines before peace is achieved by direct negotiations.
June 19	President Johnson Outlines 5 point U.S. peace plan.
June 27	Knesset passes the Protection of Holy Places Law.
June 28	Israel proclaims unification of Jerusalem.
June-June	Draft resolutions denouncing Israel as aggressor, calling for evacuation of liberated territory are rejected by the General Assembly.
August	Arab summit in Khartoum state: No negotiations with Israel, no peace with Israel and no recognition of Israel.
	Open Bridges policy across the Jordan River bridges, for goods and people, is instituted.
September 1	Arab summit conference in Khartum proclaims policy of no peace, no recognition and no negotiations with Israel.
October 12	Sea-to-sea missiles fired from Egyptian missile boats sink Israeli destroyer "Eilat."
October 25	Israeli artillery destroys Egyptian oil refineries in Suez.
November 22	UN General Assembly Resolution 242 is adopted.

1968

	Egypt's War of Attrition against Israel: 1968-70.
	Israel TV transmits its first broadcast, the 20th Independence Day military parade.
	Jews return to Gush Etzion, abandoned after its capture by the Jordanians in 1948.
	Jews return to Hebron, abandoned after the Jewish massacres in 1929.
	Polish government outlaws Jewish language and institutions.
January 27	The Israeli Navy submarine Dakar and crew disappear at sea en route from England.
February 7	Eshkol ends two days of talks with President Johnson in Texas.
March 12	Nasser proclaims three stage doctrine of struggle against Israel.
	Israeli army attack on PLO base at Karameh, Jordan.
May 26	First Jerusalem Day celebrated.
June 22	Prime Minister Levi Eshkol declares that the Jordan River is Israel's security border.
	Labor party is formed from the union of Mapai, Ahdut Ha'avodah and Rafi.
July 17	PLO's Palestinian National Council adopt covenant calling for Israel's destruction.
July 22	The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) carries out the first hijacking, diverting an El Al flight to Algiers. 32 Jewish passengers were held hostage for 5 weeks.
September 4	One killed and seventy-one wounded by three bombs that exploded in Tel Aviv.
October	Hijacking for El Al aircraft en route to Algeria.
October 8	Foreign Minister Eban offers nine point peace plan at UN General Assembly. Egypt rejects plan and demands that Ambassador Jarring work out a timetable for Israeli withdrawl from disputed areas.
October 27	Fighting breaks out again along Suez Canal, Suez oil refineries again hit.
November 19	Israel allows return to disputed areas thousands of refugees who fled to Jordan in the Six Day War.
November 22	Twelve killed and fifty-two injured by a car bomb in the Mahaneh Yehuda market, Jerusalem.
December 2	Heavy fighting erupts on Israel-Jordan borders.
December 4	Israel aircraft attack Iraqi artillery units in Jordan.
December 26	Arab terrorists attack Israeli airliner in Athens.
December 27	U.S. announces sale of Phanton jets to Israel.
December 28	IDF raids Beirut airport, destroying 13 airliners without loss of life.

1969

February 18	Israeli airliner attacked in Zurich.
February 21	Two killed and twenty injured by a bomb detonated in a crowded market in Jerusalem.
February 26	Levi Eshkol dies suddenly.
February 4	Yasser Arafat elected chairman of the PLO.
March 7	Golda Meir becomes Prime Minister after Eshkol's death.
April 19	Soviet missiles installed in Egypt, following announcement by Nasser that Egypt has completed rehabilitation of its army and is moving to stage of active defense.
April 23	Egypt repudiates cease-fire along Suez Canal.
May 11	Jordan forbids terrorist raids against Israel from its territory, following Israel warning and raids.
July 7	UN Secretary General U Thant proclaims that war of attrition is taking place along Suez Canal.
July 20	Israel airforce begins bombing targets inside Egypt.
July 31	Israel repels Syrian attack in Golan Heights.
August 21	Al-Aqsa Mosque damaged by arson.
August 23	Nasser calls for all out war against Israel.
August 29	American airliner hijacked to Damascus; two Israeli passengers detained .
September 1	Coup d'etat in Libya overthrows monarchy. Moammer Qaddafi heads Revolutionary Command Council.
October	Secret U.S.-USSR talks on Middle East peace. Talks fail when Nasser rejects plan.
October 13	Israel proposes home rule for West Bank, retaining responsibility for security.
October 22	Four killed and twenty wounded by terrorist bombs in five apartments.
October 28	Elections to the Seventh Knesset.
December 9	U.S. Secretary of State Rogers announces American Plan for peace in the Middle East.
December 12	Israel rejects Rogers plan.

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