Campus Divestment Resolutions in the USA
(2005 - 2024)
The first BDS (boycott, divestment, and sanctions) resolutions were proposed in student governments in 2005-6; of the four introduced, two passed, and two were defeated. Only five other resolutions were proposed in the following five academic years combined, and three were defeated. The campaign began to take off in 2012-13 with ten resolutions (six were defeated), followed by 19 in 2013-14 (12 were defeated) and 27 in 2014-15 (20 were defeated). Following that upsurge, the movement was petering out. It got new momentum in 2023-2024 as protests roiled campuses across the country over the Israeli counteroffensive in Gaza following the October 7, 2023, massacre and kidnapping of Israelis by Hamas.
BDS Resolutions
Results of Campus BDS Resolutions 2022/2024
Results of Campus BDS Resolutions 2013-2021/2022
Results of Campus BDS Resolutions 2005-2012/2013
Notes
Cumulative Results
Since 2005:
- A total of 182 BDS measures have been considered, and 104 were defeated (57%), including those vetoed or repealed by student government presidents.
- Those votes were limited to 85 schools, less than 2% of America’s 4,298 four-year colleges. (The California Community College Association is counted as one college, and the UC Student Association, which has no power and represents no individual schools, is excluded, as were five graduate student programs).
- A total of 61 schools have approved a BDS resolution, representing about 1% of universities (excluding those vetoed).*
- A total of 62 schools have rejected BDS (there is some overlap as some of these have adopted BDS in other years).
- The schools holding the most votes (9) - UCSB [defeated every time], Michigan, and University of Michigan-Dearborn.
- Only nine schools (University of Michigan Dearborn, Northwestern, UC San Diego, UC Irvine, UC Riverside, UCLA, and UC Davis, UC Berkeley, and the University of Minnesota) have passed BDS more than once.
- Of the 85 schools that voted on BDS, 12 were ranked (at the time of the vote by US News & World Report) in the top 20, and 14 of 22 (64%) resolutions were defeated.
- A total of 24 schools in the top 50 entertained BDS initiatives, and 42 of 70 were defeated (60%).
- In 2019, Brown became the first Ivy League school to pass a divestment resolution.
- Resolutions are often adopted by a small number of students who are unrepresentative of the student body. In 2024, for example, the UC Davis student government passed a boycott resolution with only eight votes out of an enrollment of nearly 50,000.
Even the handful of divestment resolutions that students adopted have no authority, and administrators have repeatedly made clear they have no intention of divesting from Israel. Sonoma State was the first university to announce it would divest. The president did so on his own without a vote in response to anti-Israel protests during the war in Gaza. That decision was reversed, however, and the president was removed for “insubordination” and making the statement without “appropriate approvals.”
Many of the same schools (e.g., UC Irvine) dramatically increased cooperation with Israel after the votes. More than 98% of American campuses have had no divestment votes and have little or no BDS activity.
Results of Campus BDS Resolutions 2022/2024
School | 2023-24 |
2022-23
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American University | PASSED | ||||||
Arizona State University | |||||||
Barnard | |||||||
Bowdoin College | PASSED | ||||||
Brown University | |||||||
California Community College Student Senate | |||||||
Cal State Long Beach | |||||||
Cal State Fullerton | PASSED45 | ||||||
Case Western | PASSED | ||||||
Columbia | |||||||
Cornell University | FAILED | ||||||
De Anza College | |||||||
DePaul University | |||||||
Earlham College | |||||||
Florida Atlantic University (FAU) | |||||||
Florida State University | |||||||
George Washington University | |||||||
Georgetown | |||||||
Georgia State | |||||||
Grand Valley State | |||||||
Harvard University | |||||||
Louisiana State University | |||||||
Loyola Marymount | FAILED | ||||||
Marquette University | |||||||
Montclair State | |||||||
New York University | |||||||
Northeastern University | |||||||
Northwestern University | |||||||
Oberlin College24 | |||||||
Oglethorpe University | |||||||
Pitzer College | |||||||
Pomona College | |||||||
Portland State | |||||||
Princeton University | |||||||
Rice University | FAILED | ||||||
Rutgers University-New Brunswick | PASSED | ||||||
San Diego State | |||||||
San Francisco State | |||||||
San Jose State | |||||||
Santa Clara University | |||||||
Scripps College | |||||||
Stanford University | |||||||
SUNY Binghamton | PASSED | ||||||
Swarthmore | |||||||
The Ohio State University | |||||||
Towson University | PASSED | ||||||
Tufts | |||||||
University of Buffalo | FAILED47 | ||||||
University of California, Berkeley | PASSED | ||||||
University of California, Davis | PASSED | ||||||
University of California, Irvine | |||||||
University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) | PASSED | ||||||
University of California, Merced | |||||||
University of California, Riverside | PASSED | ||||||
University of California, Santa Barbara | |||||||
University of California, San Diego | PASSED | ||||||
University of California, Santa Cruz | PASSED | ||||||
University of Chicago | |||||||
University of Houston | |||||||
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign | |||||||
University of Illinois at Chicago | |||||||
University of Indianapolis | |||||||
Loyola University, Chicago | |||||||
University of Maryland | FAILED | ||||||
University of Massachusetts, Amherst | |||||||
University of Michigan | |||||||
University of Michigan Dearborn | |||||||
University of Michigan Flint | |||||||
University of Minnesota | PASSED | ||||||
University of New Mexico | |||||||
University of North Carolina Charlotte | PASSED | ||||||
University of Pennsylvania | PASSED | ||||||
University of Oregon | PASSED | ||||||
University of South Florida | PASSED | ||||||
University of Texas, Austin | |||||||
University of Texas, Dallas | PASSED45 | ||||||
University of Toledo | |||||||
University of Virginia | PASSED | ||||||
University of Wisconsin-Madison | |||||||
University of Washington | PASSED | ||||||
Vassar | FAILED | ||||||
Wesleyan University |
Results of Campus BDS Resolutions 2013/2021-2022
School | 2021-22 |
2020-21
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2019-20
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2018-19
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2017-18
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2016-17
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2015-16
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2014-15
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2013-14
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Arizona State University |
FAILED40
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FAILED
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Barnard |
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PASSED28
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Bowdoin College |
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FAILED
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Brown University |
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PASSED28
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California Community College Student Senate |
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FAILED
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Cal State Long Beach |
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PASSED
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FAILED19
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Case Western |
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FAILED
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FAILED
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Columbia |
PASSED28
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FAILED
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FAILED
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Cornell University |
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FAILED
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FAILED
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De Anza College |
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PASSED
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DePaul University |
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FAILED
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PASSED2
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Earlham College |
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PASSED
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Florida Atlantic University (FAU) |
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FAILED
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Florida State University | FAILED | ||||||||
George Washington University |
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PASSED
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FAILED
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FAILED
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Georgetown |
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FAILED21
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Georgia State |
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FAILED31
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Grand Valley State |
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FAILED
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Harvard University |
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FAILED
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Louisiana State University | PASSED44 | ||||||||
Marquette University | PASSED |
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FAILED3
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Montclair State |
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FAILED
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New York University |
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FAILED33
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Northeastern University |
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FAILED
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FAILED
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FAILED
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Northwestern University |
PASSED
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FAILED19
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PASSED
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Oberlin College24 |
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Oglethorpe University | PASSED | ||||||||
Pitzer College |
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Pomona College | PASSED | ||||||||
Portland State |
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PASSED
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FAILED20
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Princeton University | FAILED43 |
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FAILED
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Rutgers University - Newark |
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PASSED
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FAILED
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San Diego State |
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FAILED
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FAILED
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San Francisco State |
PASSED
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San Jose State |
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PASSED
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Santa Clara University | PASSED | ||||||||
Scripps College |
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FAILED
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Stanford University |
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PASSED4
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Swarthmore |
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PASSED34
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The Ohio State University | FAILED41 |
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FAILED
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FAILED26
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FAILED
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FAILED
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FAILED
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Tufts |
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University of California, Berkeley |
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PASSED5
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University of California, Davis |
PASSED
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FAILED36
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FAILED6
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FAILED
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University of California, Irvine |
PASSED
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PASSED
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University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) |
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PASSED
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FAILED
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University of California, Merced |
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PASSED
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FAILED
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University of California, Riverside | PASSED |
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FAILED25
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PASSED
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FAILED
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PASSED7
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University of California, Santa Barbara |
FAILED
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FAILED
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FAILED29
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FAILED
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FAILED
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FAILED
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University of California, San Diego |
FAILED
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FAILED38
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PASSED
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University of California, Santa Cruz |
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PASSED12
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FAILED
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University of Chicago |
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PASSED
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University of Houston | PASSED | FAILED40 | |||||||
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign | FAILED42 |
PASSED
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FAILED36
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FAILED28
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FAILED
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University of Illinois at Chicago |
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FAILED19
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University of Indianapolis |
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PASSED15
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Loyola University, Chicago |
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PASSED
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FAILED9
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University of Maryland |
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FAILED
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University of Massachusetts, Amherst |
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FAILED
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University of Michigan |
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PASSED
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FAILED
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FAILED
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FAILED
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University of Michigan Dearborn |
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PASSED
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FAILED16
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PASSED
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University of Michigan Flint |
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PASSED
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University of Minnesota |
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PASSED28
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FAILED17
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University of New Mexico |
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FAILED
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FAILED
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University of Oregon |
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FAILED32
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University of South Florida |
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FAILED27
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FAILED14
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University of Texas, Austin |
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FAILED
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University of Washington |
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FAILED
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University of Toledo |
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FAILED
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University of Virginia | FAILED46 | ||||||||
University of Wisconsin-Madison |
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PASSED15
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Vassar |
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PASSED13
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Wesleyan University |
|
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FAILED
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FAILED
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PASSED
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Results of Campus BDS Resolutions 2005-2012/2013
School |
2012-13
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2011-12
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2010-11
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2009-10
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2008-9
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2007-8
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2006-7
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2005-6
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Arizona State |
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FAILED
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Brown University |
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FAILED1
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Evergreen State College |
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PASSED
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Oberlin College24 |
PASSED
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Stanford University |
FAILED
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University of California, Berkeley |
FAILED
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FAILED30
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University of California, Davis |
PASSED
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University of California, Irvine |
FAILED37
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University of California, Riverside |
FAILED8
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University of California, Santa Barbara |
FAILED
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University of California, San Diego |
PASSED
|
FAILED
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FAILED
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University of California, Santa Cruz |
FAILED
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University of Massachusetts, Amherst |
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FAILED10
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University of Massachusetts, Boston |
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PASSED
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University of Michigan |
|
FAILED
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FAILED11
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University of Michigan Dearborn |
|
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PASSED
|
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PASSED
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PASSED
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University of South Florida |
FAILED
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University of Wisconsin, Plattesville |
|
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PASSED
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Notes
1 Brown 2006 - No vote, activist proposal to investment comm that failed.
3 2015 Marquette passed a divestment bill after removing references to Israel.
5 2014 A section of the resolution was later found invalid.
6 2015 passed then failed on technicality, then passed again. Ruled unconstitutional in 2019.
10 Divestment was tabled but a comm was set up to divest from companies more generally.
11 Michigan Student Senate vote.
12 Reversed veto of 2014 divestment resolution.
13 Passed divestment rejected Hummas boycott.
14 Won, was vetoed, won again but ruled unconstitutional.
15 Defeated the first time, then passed.
16 Dearborn has had the most votes; 2016 was the first defeat.
182015-2016 Did not count grad student votes supporting BDS at CUNY, Umass, and NYU (which was reversed by UAW).
19Passed watered own version that wasn’t anti-Israel - counted as victories.
21Investment Committee rejected divestment; it was not a student govt resolution.
22Vote on the eve of Passover at Tufts on Passover at Pitzer when Jewish students were gone.
24Trustees announced they would not divest from Israel in 2015 http://oberlinreview.org/9008/news/board-rejects-student-divestment-proposals/.
25Failed to reach support needed to bring to the floor.
26Resolution passed after anti-Israel boycott language was removed.
27Resolution passed with a number of anti-Israel clauses, but after the call for boycotting Israel was removed.
30Passed, then vetoed, and the veto was sustained.
31Not considered because of a possible violation of state anti-boycott law.
32In 2019, the resolution was deemed unconstitutional.
33Student government passed a resolution but stripped out mention of Israel before the final vote.
34Student govt rejected divestment and later passed it.
35Failed despite the vote being held during Passover over objections of Jewish students.
36Passed then vetoed by the student government president.
37Repealed by the student senate in 2020.
38BDS removed from a resolution calling for defunding university police.
39In 2021, UCLA passed a broad divestment resolution that was directed at a variety of targets and referred to the 2014 UCLA BDS vote and speciously accused Israel of “Ethnic cleansing.” It is not included here.
41Passed but not signed by the council president.
43The student government conceded its handling of the referendum was “unfair and incorrect,” concluding that the elections manager misled students about how the vote would be tallied when he told students that abstentions would count as a part of the final vote total before reversing course. Hence, the student government said it would “not make a statement on behalf of the student body in favor or against the referendum,” which called on the university to stop contracting with the construction company Caterpillar because it is a supplier of the Israel Defense Forces. The vote was 44% yes, 40% no, 16% abstained.
44Resolution also called for divestment unrelated to Israel.
45Vote held the day before Passover.
47Student government president blocked the vote.
Cumulative Results
BDS Wins
|
BDS Losses
|
Total Votes
|
% BDS Lost
|
|
2023-24 | 18 | 6 | 24 | 25% |
2022-23 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0% |
2021-22 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 50% |
2020-21 | 10 | 5 | 14 | 36% |
2019-20 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 100% |
2018-19 | 2 | 8 | 10 | 80% |
2017-18 | 5 | 9 | 14 | 64% |
2016-17 | 6 | 12 | 18 | 67% |
2015-16* | 7 | 11 | 18 | 61% |
2014-15 | 7 | 20 | 27 | 74% |
2013-14 | 7 | 11 | 18 | 61% |
2012-13 | 3 | 7 | 10 | 60% |
2011-12 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 60% |
2010-11 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 50% |
2009-10 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 100% |
2008-9 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 100% |
2007-8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100% |
2006-7 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0% |
2005-6 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 50% |
Total | 78* | 104 | 182** | |
% | 43% | 57% | ||
*Doesn’t count three watered-down resolutions that passed. |
Other Notes:
The list does not include all resolutions that did not come to a vote, for example, in cases where BDS resolutions were withdrawn or removed.
In 2009, under pressure from anti-Israel activists, Hampshire College divested from a mutual fund with Israeli holdings but denied the decision was boycott-related.
In 2010, Berkeley passed a divestment resolution, which the student government president vetoed, and that veto was sustained, nullifying the resolution.
In 2010, DePaul and Princeton boycotted Sabra Hummus, but the boycott was reversed.
In 2015, Western Washington preemptively voted against all boycotts
In 2015, the UC Student Association (UCSA) passed a divestment resolution, but it is not counted as a campus.
#*In 2015-16, four graduate programs voted on divestment: the NYU Graduate Union voted no; graduate students at CUNY, Amherst, and the U of Washington voted yes. UAW later reversed NYU’s vote.
Sources: AICE and news sources.
Jaweed Kaleem and Colleen Shalby, “Sonoma State president on leave for ‘insubordination’ after supporting anti-Israel boycott, divestment,” Los Angeles Times, (May 15, 2024).