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Report on Human Rights Practices for 2004-Egypt

The Arab Republic of Egypt has been governed by the National Democratic Party (NDP) since the party's establishment in 1978. The NDP continues to dominate national politics and has maintained an overriding majority in the popularly elected People's Assembly and the partially elected Shura (Consultative) Council. Islam is the state religion. In 1999, President Hosni Mubarak was reelected unopposed to a fourth 6-year term in a national referendum. The President appoints the Cabinet and the country's 26 governors and may dismiss them at his discretion... read article

Tractate Bava Metzia: Chapter 1

Rules and regulations regarding found articles, documents, animals, and if one appoints a messenger to pick up a found article. MISHNA I.: Two persons, who hold a garment, and each of them claims that he has found it, or that the whole belongs to him, (in such a case) each of them shall take an oath that no less than a half belongs to him, and then its value shall be divided... read article

Yiddish Literature

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Report on Human Rights Practices for 2000--Lebanon

Lebanon is a parliamentary republic in which, based on the unwritten "National Pact of 1943" the President is a Maronite Christian, the Prime Minister a Sunni Muslim, and the Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies a Shi'a Muslim.  President Emile Lahoud took office in 1998 after an election heavily influenced by Syria.  The Parliament consists of 128 deputies, equally divided between Christian and Muslim representatives.  In parliamentary elections in August and September, former Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri defeated incumbent Salim Al-Hoss.  President Lahoud named Hariri Prime Minister in October... read article

Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000

Israel1 is a parliamentary democracy with a multiparty system and free elections.  There is no Constitution; a series of "basic laws" provide for fundamental rights.  The legislature, or Knesset, has the power to dissolve the Government and limit the authority of the executive branch.  Labor and One Israel party leader Ehud Barak was elected Prime Minister in May 1999 and took office in July 1999 at the head of a broad centrist coalition Government.  On December 9, following the breakdown of his coalition, Barak resigned as Prime Minister; prime ministerial elections were scheduled to be held on February 6, 2001... read article

Country Reports on Human Rights Practice - 2003 -- Jordan

The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is a constitutional monarchy ruled by King Abdullah II bin Hussein. The Constitution concentrates executive and legislative authority in the King. A regent, whose authority is outlined in the Constitution, assumes many responsibilities in the King's absence. The King appoints the Prime Minister and other members of the Cabinet who manage the daily affairs of the Government... read article

A Psychological Analysis of Adolph Hitler His Life and Legend -As His Associates Know Him

The picture the Nazi propaganda machine has painted of Hitler certainty seems like an extravagant one. Even if we ignore the deifying elements it seems like the fantasy of a superman - the paramount of all virtues. Extraordinary as it may seem, however, there are times at which he approximates such a personality and wins the respect and admiration of all his associates... read article

Report on Human Rights Practices for 2006 - Israel

With a population of approximately 7 million, including approximately 5.3 million Jews, Israel is a multiparty parliamentary democracy. "Basic laws" enumerate fundamental rights. The 120-member, unicameral Knesset has the power to dissolve the government and mandate elections. On March 28, the 17th Knesset was elected democratically... read article

Report on Human Rights Practices for 2018 - Israel

U.S. State Department Report on Human Rights in Israel for 2018... read article

Nazi War Crimes Trials: Klaus Barbie

The trial of Nazi SS officer Klaus Barbie for war crimes committed as the head of the Gestapo in Lyon, France... read article

Vatican

VATICAN, residence of the *pope, who is the ruler of Vatican City in Rome.The Vatican and ZionismTheodor Herzl was the first Zionist leader to understand the political importance of the Catholic Church in the Middle East. He also realized the necessity for Zionists to come to terms with the Church and gain its support or at least try to neutralize its influence. The Vatican wished to safeguard Catholic rights in the holy places, and therefore Herzl was ready to propose an extraterritorial status for the holy places when he was received by the nuncio in Vienna, Msgr. Antonio Agliardi, on May 19, 1896, a short time after the publication of his book The Jewish State... read article

Report on Human Rights Practices for 2001 Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia is a monarchy without elected representative institutions or political parties. It is ruled by King Fahd bin Abd Al-Aziz Al Saud, a son of King Abd Al-Aziz Al Saud, who unified the country in the early 20th century. Since the death of King Abd Al-Aziz, the King and Crown Prince have been chosen from among his sons, who themselves have had preponderant influence in the choice. A 1992 royal decree reserves for the King exclusive power to name the Crown Prince... read article

Tractate Bava Batra: Chapter 5

Rules and regulations concerning sales of ships, boats, animals, and teams; concerning broods of pigeons and beasts; trees, with the ground and without. How to acquire title to fruit and flax. Of articles which become dearer or cheaper between the time of sale and delivery. At what time the wholesalers and storekeepers had to corect their weights and measures, and of what material the weights might and might not be read. MISHNA I... read article

Report on Human Rights Practices for 2021 - Saudi Arabia

The 2021 State Department Report on Human Rights in Saudi Arabia... read article

Report of the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry

Text of the report of the Anglo-American Committee created to address the problem of Jewish refugees and displaced persons following World War II... read article

Country Reports on Human Rights Practice - 2003 -- Yemen

Yemen is a republic with an active bicameral legislature. An elected President, an elected 301-seat House of Representatives, and an appointed 111-member Shura Council shared Constitutional power. President Ali Abdullah Saleh was the leader of the ruling party, the General People's Congress (GPC), which dominated the Government. The Constitution provides that the President be elected by popular vote from at least two candidates endorsed by Parliament... read article

Report on Human Rights Practices for 2004 - Syria

Syria is a republic under an authoritarian regime with virtually absolute authority in the hands of the President. The President, with counsel from his ministers, senior members of the ruling Ba'th Party, and a small circle of security advisers, makes key decisions regarding foreign policy, national security, internal politics, and the economy. President Bashar al-Asad was confirmed by an unopposed referendum in July 2000 for a 7-year term... read article

Report on Human Rights Practices 2004 - Jordan

The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is a constitutional monarchy ruled by King Abdullah II bin Hussein. The Constitution concentrates executive and legislative authority in the King. A regent, whose authority is outlined in the Constitution, assumes many responsibilities in the King's absence. The King appoints the Prime Minister and other members of the cabinet who manage the daily affairs of the Government. The Parliament consists of the 55-member Senate, appointed by the King, and a 110-member elected lower house, the Chamber of Deputies... read article

Report on Human Rights Practices for 2019 - Yemen

The 2019 State Department Report on Human Rights in Yemen... read article

Report on Human Rights Practices for 2004 - Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia is a monarchy without elected representative institutions or political parties. King Fahd bin Abd Al-Aziz Al Saud suffered a stroke in 1995, and Crown Prince Abdullah has been the de facto ruler since that time. As custodian of Islam's two holiest sites in Mecca and Medina, the Government bases its legitimacy on governance according to Islamic law (Shari'a)... read article