Reversing Trump’s Policies
Refugee Aid
Humanitarian Assistance
More Aid Pledged
Middle East Partnership for Peace Act (MEPPA)

Reversing Trump’s Policies

Fulfilling a campaign promise to restore aid to the Palestinians cut off by President Trump, President Biden announced plans to provide the Palestinians with $290 million in assistance. The State Department insisted the allocation was consistent with U.S. law, though some members of Congress said it violated the Taylor Force Act, which prohibits U.S. assistance to the Palestinian Authority (PA) until it ends its pay-to-slay policy of providing stipends to terrorists in Israeli jails and the families of suicide bombers.

At the end of March 2021, the administration announced it was providing $15 million in coronavirus assistance and another $75 million for infrastructure, health, and civil society groups. At the beginning of April, the administration informed lawmakers that it would give the Palestinians $40 million for law enforcement and security and another $10 million for peacebuilding programs through the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID).

“Supporting an enduring solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is a core U.S. national security objective,” the State Department said in the notification. “As an essential part of this effort, U.S. government assistance seeks to build professional and accountable security and criminal justice institutions that maintain security and stability in the West Bank, uphold the rule of law, contribute directly to regional security, and protect the population.”

Denying that the resumption of aid violated the Taylor Force Act, Secretary of State Tony Blinken said, “President Biden was actually in Israel about a mile and a half from Taylor Force when he was murdered, and he spoke out about that immediately and has been a forceful advocate for doing justice by Taylor Force and making sure that we are making good on the obligations that we have under the Taylor Force Act.”

Even while many of Israel’s supporters objected to U.S. aid, Israel agreed to loan $155 million to the PA despite its law against assisting so long as the pay-to-slay policy continued. Those funds, however, were to be repaid from tax revenues Israel withheld based on an Israeli law requiring the government to offset payments made by the PA to terrorists and their families.

In 2023, the Washington Free Beacon obtained documents indicating that State Department officials were concerned that U.S. aid could help terrorist groups. “We assess there is a high risk Hamas could potentially derive indirect, unintentional benefit from U.S. assistance to Gaza. There is less but still some risk U.S. assistance would benefit other designated groups,” the State Department wrote in the draft of a request for an exemption from laws barring the United States from sending funds into areas run by Palestinian terror groups circulated internally in March 2021.

Refugee Aid

The State Department also announced the resumption of support for UNRWA. The department said a $150 million contribution to the agency was needed for UNRWA services. It also justified the policy reversal by stating, “The United States needs to be at the table to ensure that the reforms advance efficiencies and are in accord with our interests and values.”

The department also stated:

U.S. foreign assistance for the Palestinian people serves important U.S. interests and values. It provides critical relief to those in great need, fosters economic development, and supports Israeli-Palestinian understanding, security coordination, and stability. It also aligns with the values and interests of our allies and partners. The United States is committed to advancing prosperity, security, and freedom for both Israelis and Palestinians in tangible ways in the immediate term, which is important in its own right but also as a means to advance toward a negotiated two-state solution.

Contradicting the claim that the aid aligns with the interests of our allies, Israel’s foreign ministry said of the aid to UNRWA, “Israel’s position is that the organization in its current form perpetuates the conflict and does not contribute to its resolution.” Gilad Erdan, the Israeli ambassador to the United States, was more explicit: “I have expressed my disappointment and objection to the decision to renew UNRWA’s funding without first ensuring that certain reforms, including stopping the incitement and removing anti-Semitic content from its educational curriculum, are carried out.”

An administration official subsequently said: “UNWRA has made clear their rock-solid commitments to the United States on the issues of transparency, accountability, and neutrality in all its operations.... And what neutrality means in the context of the United Nations is zero tolerance for racism, discrimination, and anti-Semitism.”

UNRWA has made and failed to deliver on similar promises in the past, and shortly after the U.S. announcement, the European Parliament adopted a resolution condemning the organization for teaching hate and violence in PA schools. UNRWA ignored similar resolutions adopted by the EU the year before. Norway went further and, in December 2020, voted to cut financial assistance because of the anti-Semitic and violent content of its educational materials.

The department called on other donors to “support programs and activities that work toward a common goal of stability and progress for Israelis and Palestinians alike.”

The resumption of aid came despite a Government Accountability Office report that found the U.S. government had not properly vetted all of its Palestinian funding recipients for U.S. antiterrorism criteria as required by law.

Humanitarian Assistance

Following the ceasefire in the war between Hamas and Israel, the United States pledged $38 million in new assistance to support humanitarian efforts in the West Bank and Gaza, including $33 for UNRWA), and an additional $5.5 million to humanitarian partners.? “This critical assistance will support humanitarian organizations to provide emergency shelter, food, relief items, and health care, as well as mental health and psychosocial support for those who experienced trauma,” Blinken announced on May 26, 2021.

He said the State Department and USAID also plan to provide $75 million in additional development and economic assistance to “advance private sector growth and access to basic needs and services, such as providing health care and addressing food insecurity.” Blinken said, “another $10 million will support programs that support reconciliation work to reduce tension and violence over the long term.”

This brings total U.S. assistance to more than $360 million. He insisted the funds will “be administered in a way that benefit the Palestinian people — not Hamas” and is “consistent with applicable U.S. law, including the Taylor Force Act.”

As of July 2021, millions of dollars in aid were being held up by Senate Foreign Relations Committee Ranking Member Jim Risch (R-ID) to prevent it from being used for the Palestinians’ “pay to slay” program.

As for reconstruction aid for Gaza, Samantha Power, the administrator of the U.S. Agency for International Development, assured members of Congress it could not be diverted by Hamas because “Anything that goes into Gaza… goes through that very stringent vetting process that the Israeli government itself presides over.” Israel’s department for Coordination of Government Activities in the Territories (COGAT) must approve any materials that are sent through the border crossing into the Gaza Strip, and grantees, sub-grantees, and sub-sub-grantees must pass “the most elaborate set of vetting procedures that [U.S. has] anywhere in the world,” Power said.

On July 14, 2021, UNRWA signed an agreement with the United States in which the former said it was committed to ensuring that its funds were not transferred to individuals engaged in terrorism or used to support terrorism. The agreement also said, “The United States and UNRWA unreservedly condemn all manifestations of religious intolerance, incitement, harassment or violence against persons or communities based on ethnicity or religious belief, including anti-Semitism.” A few days later, the United States transferred $135 million to the agency.

In March 2022, Congress approved $219 million in Palestinian aid for 2022. This was less than the $225 million the House and Senate initially proposed but more than President Joe Biden’s request.

UNRWA announced in June 2023 that the United States contributed $153.7 million.

Sen. Jim Risch – the top Republican on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee – placed holds on funding to UNRWA for food assistance. Blinken, nevertheless, approved the transfer of $75 million in September 2023, just days after committing to an additional $73 million for UNRWA’s core and emergency services.

More Aid Pledged

During his July 2022 visit to Israel, President Biden announced the U.S. would provide an additional $200 million to the UNRWA. These new funds bring the total United States assistance to UNRWA during the Biden Administration to more than $618 million.

The U.S. will also provide an additional $100 million to support healthcare services for Palestinians throughout East Jerusalem Hospital Network. According to the White House, “The EJHN is a grouping of six hospitals in East Jerusalem providing specialized services including oncology, dialysis, neo-natal intensive care, and specialized maternity, ophthalmology, and emergency services to 50,000 patients from East Jerusalem, the West Bank, and Gaza annually. The funding is provided by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and paired with health system and hospital reforms.”

Biden also agreed the United States would provide $15 million in additional humanitarian assistance for vulnerable Palestinians. “Via funding to the UN World Food Program and two non-governmental organizations, the United States is providing electronic food vouchers, multipurpose cash assistance, and emergency livelihoods support, helping more than 210,000 food-insecure people meet their household food needs in coming months.”

Meanwhile, the State Department fiscal transparency report found that “the Palestinian Authority made its enacted budget public, but not within a reasonable period, and the data was incomplete.” It also noted that “information on debt obligations was incomplete” and criticized the supreme audit institution for lacking independence, not making its audit reports publicly available within a reasonable period, and failing to cover the entire annual executed budget.

Following the Hamas invasion of Israel on October 7, 2023, President Biden visited Israel to show his support. He also pledged an additional $100 million in humanitarian aid for the Palestinians. As concern with the humanitarian situation in Gaza grew, the administration increased its assistance, which by November 2024 totaled over $2.1 billion. Separately, USAID provided $190 million to the Palestinians during the summer and another $230 million in November 2024 to “support economic recovery and development programs in the West Bank and Gaza.” That brought the total investment in economic support to more than $600 million.

Middle East Partnership for Peace Act (MEPPA)

Congress enacted the Nita M. Lowey Middle East Partnership for Peace Act (MEPPA) in 2020 to advance peaceful co-existence between Israelis and Palestinians to enable a sustainable two-state solution. In July 2022, the Peres Center for Peace and Innovation was awarded more than $2 million over three years to establish a Medical Cooperation Consortium to formalize cooperation between Israelis and Palestinians in healthcare. A second grant provides $5 million over three years to Appleseeds to bring together Israelis and Palestinians in the technology sector to develop career-enhancing skills.

On September 28, 2022, USAID announced a $1 million, two-year Making Peace activity implemented by Reut USA to connect Israelis and Palestinians to build people-to-people relations. A $2.3 million three-year grant was awarded to Project Rozana to create the Palestinian-Israeli Specialist Nursing Hub to build cross-border relationships between nurses. In addition, $4.5 million will be given to Our Generation Speaks to support the three-year Next Generation Accelerator program to build an entrepreneurial community of Israeli and Palestinian leaders committed to shaping a peaceful shared future.

Sources: Matthew Lee, “US boosts aid to Palestinians as some in Congress cry foul,” AP, (April 6, 2021).
“The United States Restores Assistance for the Palestinians,” U.S. State Department, (April 7, 2021).
Tovah Lazaroff, “Israel slams Biden's resumption of UNRWA funding for Palestinians,” Jerusalem Post, (April 8, 2021).
“After restoring aid to Palestinians, Biden endorses two-state solution,” Times of Israel, (April 8, 2021).
Ron Kampeas, “Biden administration says it has UNRWA’s commitment to ‘zero tolerance’ for anti-Semitism,” JTA, (April 12, 2021).
Marc Rod, “Blinken vows not to roll back Iran sanctions before nuclear compliance,” JewishInsider, (March 10, 2021).
“EU Parliament condemns UNRWA for 'hate speech and violence' taught in PA schools,” i24News, (April 28, 2021).
Antony J. Blinken, “U.S. Assistance for the Palestinian People,” Press Statement, U.S. Department of State, (May 26, 2021).
Marc Rod “Power emphasizes Israeli role in clearing Gaza aid during latest congressional hearings,” JewishInsider, (July 15, 2021).
“Washington gives $135 million to UNRWA after agency condemns anti-Israel hate,” i24NEWS, (July 18, 2021).
Judah Ari Gross, “Israel agrees to send NIS 500 million to PA, bypassing terror stipend freeze,” Times of Israel, (August 30, 2021).
Marc Rod, “Spending bill includes funding for nonprofit security, Iron Dome, support for Abraham Accords,” JewishInsider, (March 10, 2022).
Marc Rod, “Israel enthusiastic about U.S. resuming Palestinian aid, Power tells Congress,” JewishInsider, (May 18, 2022).
“FACT SHEET: The United States-Palestinian Relationship,” The White House, (July 14, 2022).
“2022 Fiscal Transparency Report: Palestinian Authority,” U.S. Department of State, (September 9, 2022).
“USAID Announces Three New Awards To Civil Society Under The Nita M. Lowey Middle East Partnership For Peace Act (MEPPA),” USAID, (September 28, 2022).
“The United States Contributes US$ 153.7 Million To UNRWA In Support Of Palestine Refugees,” UNRWA, (June 1, 2023)
Adam Kredo, “Biden Admin Raised Concerns Palestinian Aid Would Boost Hamas. It Went Ahead With Aid Anyway,” Washington Free Beacon, (August 16, 2023).
Ben Samuels, “Blinken Overrides GOP Block on Palestinian Food Aid at Last Minute Amid Looming Crisis,” Haaretz, (October 4, 2023).
“USAID announces $230 million in Palestinian aid, adding to $190 million from months ago,” JNS, (November 16, 2024).

Biden Resumes Aid to Palestinians