Public Attitudes Toward the Peace Process

Territorial Issues

Which statement comes closer to your own personal view: “A peace agreement between Israel and the Palestinians would reduce terrorism around the world.” or “A peace agreement between Israel and the Palestinians would not have much of an impact on terrorism around the world.” (The Israel Project National Survey, December 10-12, 2007)

Much closer/Reduce terrorism	23%
Somewhat closer/Reduce terrorism	20%
Somewhat closer/Not much of an impact	23%
Much closer/Not much of an impact	32%
Don't know/Refused	4%

Who do you think is more responsible for the improvement/worsening of the prospect for peace: the Israelis or the Palestinians? (ADL, October, 2007)

	Responsible for improving	Responsible for worsening
Israelis	41%	23%
Palestinians	15%	47%

In the Middle East conflict, do you think the United States should take Israel's side, take the Palestinian's side, or not take either side?

Date	Poll	Israel's side	Palestinian's side	Not take either	No Opinion

December 2007	Israel Project	61%	10%	14%	6%
December 2006	PIPA	21%	1%	73%	5%
August 2005	Israel Project	29%	6%	52%
March 2005	ADL	13%	1%	78%
January 2005	Israel Project	20%	1%	70%
December 2004	PIPA	19%	1%	77%	3%
November 2004	Israel Project	25%	2%	67%
July 2004	Israel Project	22%	1%	72%
March 23, 2004	Israel Project	31%	0%	64%
November 2003	Israel Project	31%	3%	62%
June 2003*	Gallup	18%	4%	74%	4%
July 2002	Israel Project	23%	2%	68%
May 8, 2002	PIPA	22%	3%	67%	8%
April 29- May 1, 2002	Gallup	24%	2%	68%	6%
April 5-7, 2002	Gallup	22%	2%	71%	5%
November 1-4, 2001	PIPA	20%	.6%	70%	9%
Sept. 2001	Gallup	27%	1%	63%	9%
July 2000	Gallup	16%	1%	74%	9%
Jan 2000	Gallup	15%	1%	72%	12%
Dec 1998	Gallup	17%	2%	73%	7%
May 1998	Gallup	15%	2%	74%	9%

*Asked of a half sample.

Do you believe that the bigger cause of violence in the Middle East is the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians or the conflict between moderates and extremists across a number of countries and groups? (POS, January 2007)

Between Israel and Palestinians	18%
Between moderates and extremists	71%

In general, do you consider yourself to be more pro-Israel or more pro-Palestinian? (POS National Survey, January 2007)

Date	Poll	Pro-Israel	Pro-Palestinian	Neither	Don't Know
December 2007	The Israel Project	62%	9%	15%	4%
January 2007	POS National Survey	50%	7%
November 2006	POS National Survey	54%	6%
September 2006	POS National Survey	53%	5%
August 2006	POS National Survey	56%	7%
July 2006	POS National Survey	45%	6%
May 2006	POS National Survey	52%	6%
January 2006	POS National Survey	45%	7%
August 2005	POS National Survey	38%	8%
February 2005	POS National Survey	40%	10%
November 2004	POS National Survey	49%	10%
September 2004	POS National Survey	48%	6%
July 2004	POS National Survey	47%	9%
March 2004	POS National Survey	52%	8%
January 2004	POS National Survey	52%	10%
November 2003	POS National Survey	47%	11%
August 2003	POS National Survey	42%	6%
July 2003	POS National Survey	48%	10%

NAT

(RV)

7/03

NAT

(RV)

8/03

NAT

(RV)

11/03

NAT

(RV)

1/04

NAT

(LV)

3/17

NAT

(LV)

3/23

NAT

(LV)

7/04

NAT

(LV)

9/04

NAT

(V)

11/04

Pro-Israel

48%

42%

47%

52%

48%

47%

48%

49%

Pro-Palestinian

10%

11%

10%

NAT

(LV)

2/05

NAT

(LV)

8/05

NAT

(LV)

1/06

NAT

(RV)

5/06

NAT

(RV)

7/06

NAT

(LV)

8/06

NAT

(LV)

9/06

NAT

(V)

11/06

NAT

(RV)

1/07

Pro-Israel

40%

38%

45%

52%

45%

56%

53%

54%

50%

Pro-Palestinian

10%

Below are a number of actions or policies undertaken by the U.S. government since September 11, 2001. Please rate the impact of these actions or policies on protecting the American people from global terrorist networks and in advancing U.S. national security goals. (Foreign Policy Magazine and The Center for American Progress , May 23-June 26, 2007)

U.S. efforts in Middle East peace process

Negative	69
Positive	6
No Impact	24

In order to resolve the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, do you think the United States should -- [ROTATED: put more pressure on the Palestinians to make the necessary compromises (or) put more pressure on the Israelis to make the necessary compromises]? (Gallup, February 1-4, 2007)

More pressure on the Palestinians	39%
More pressure on the Israelis	30%
More pressure on both (vol.)	11%
Not put more pressure on either (vol.)	10%
No opinion	10%

Do you think George W. Bush is -- or is not -- doing enough to find a peaceful solution to the conflict between the Israelis and Palestinians? (Gallup)

	6/02	2/07
Yes, is	61%	44%
No, is not	28%	51%
No opinion	11%	5%

How committed do you think the US is to the goal of creating an independent and viable Palestinian state? (World Public Opinion.org, December 11, 2006)

Very committed	12%
Somewhat committed	43%
Not very commited	28%
Not at all committed	9%
Refused/Don't know	9%

What role do you think the U.S. should play in developing a peace agreement? (Gallup, August 18-20, 2006)

U.S. should take leading role	14%
The United Nations (UN) should take the leading role, but U.S. still involved	56%
U.S. should not get involved at all	29%
No opinion	2%

Do you think the recent ceasefire between Israel and Hezbollah in the Middle East marks the beginning of a long-lasting peace between Israel and Hezbollah, or will only be temporary and fighting will soon break out again between Israel and Hezbollah?(Gallup, August 18-20, 2006)

Beginning of long-lasting peace	6%
Only temporary	91%
No opinion	3%

Do you think that the US should or should not invest more political effort and resources than it did in the past four years, toward resolving the Israel-Palestinian conflict (Gallup, August 18-20, 2006)

U.S. should take leading role	14%
The United Nations (UN) should take the leading role, but U.S. still involved	56%
U.S. should not get involved at all	29%
No opinion	2%

What grade would you give the U.S. when it comes to achieving the following goals? Doing our best to bring peace between Israel and the Palestinians. (Public Agenda)

	6/05	1/06	9/06
A	16%	15%	13%
B	29%	29%	25%
C	30%	24%	34%
D	11%	12%	10%
F	7%	9%	12%
DK	7%	10%	6%

What grade would you give the U.S. when it comes to achieving the following goals? Doing our best to bring peace between Israel and the Arab world. (Public Agenda)

	9/06
A	12%
B	26%
C	23%
D	17%
F	16%
DK	6%

Here are some criticisms of U.S. foreign policies that have been made in recent years. For each, please tell me if you find the criticism to be totally justified, partly justified or not justified at all. U.S. policies are too pro-Israel for the U.S. to be able to broker peace between Israel and the Palestinians. (Public Agenda)

	6/05	1/06	9/06
totally justified	21%	14%	23%
partly justified	41%	48%	47%
not justified at all	30%	25%	22%
DK	8%	12%	7%

	9/06
totally justified	18%
partly justified	47%
not justified at all	26%
DK	8%

Now, just suppose for a moment that the Palestinians who are holding the Israeli soldier do not release him... Which one of the following actions do you believe Israel should take? (The Israel Project, July 6-9, 2006)

Increase the pressure on the Palestinians through military action	52%
Give into the Palestinian demands by releasing more than 1,000 Palestinian prisoners	17%
No opinion	31%

In the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians has what you have seen, read or heard about this conflict recently given you a more favorable or less favorable impression of the Palestinians? (The Israel Project, July 6-9, 2006)

More Favorable	9%
Less Favorable	59%
No opinion	32%

Regardless of which side you generally support in this conflict…Who do you blame more for the current conflict in the Gaza Strip…Israel…OR…The Palestinians ? (The Israel Project, July 6-9, 2006)

Israel	15%
Palestinians	45%
Both	13%
No opinion	27%

Thinking about the ongoing conflict between Israel and the Palestinians in the Middle East, please tell me, in general, whether you consider yourself to be…a strong supporter of Israel, a supporter of Israel, a supporter of the Palestinians or a strong supporter of the Palestinians? (The Israel Project, July 6-9, 2006)

Strong Supporter of Israel	22%
Supporter of Israel	23%
Strong Supporter of the Palestinians	1%
Supporter of the Palestinians	5%
Neither	40%
No opinion	9%

What do you think U.S. policy toward the Palestinian Authority should be? Do you think the U.S. should – conduct diplomatic relations with the Hamas government regardless of whether or not it recognizes Israel as a country, conduct diplomatic relations with Hamas only if it recognizes Israel as a country, or not conduct diplomatic relations with the Hamas government at all? (Gallup, February 6-9, 2006)

Regardless of whether or not it recognizes Israel	22%
Only if it recognizes Israel	44%
No relations at all	25%
No opinion	9%

What do you think U.S. policy toward the Palestinian Authority should be? Do you think the U.S. should – give financial aid to the Palestinian Authority regardless of whether or not the Hamas government recognizes Israel as a country, give financial aid to the Palestinian Authority only if Hamas recognizes Israel as a country, or not give any financial aid to the Palestinian Authority while the Hamas government is in power? (Gallup, February 6-9, 2006)

Regardless of whether or not it recognizes Israel	5%
Only if it recognizes Israel	30%
No relations at all	57%
No opinion	9%

As you may know, Israel has been removing Jewish settlers from land mainly in the Gaza Strip and a few in the West Bank to give the land to the Palestinians. Was this the right or wrong thing to do? (Harris, September 23, 2005)

Right thing to do	41%
Wrong thing to do	24%
Not sure	36%

Do you think that the departure of a large number of settlers from the Gaza Strip and the West Bank will increase or decrease the chances of long-term peace? (Harris, September 23, 2005)

Increase chances	36%
Decrease chances	24%
Not sure	40%

Do you think that Israel should give up more land in the West Bank to Palestinians in exchange for lasting peace? (Harris, September 23, 2005)

Yes	28%
No	36%
Not sure	35%

How would you rate the job each of the following people is doing to work for a reasonable solution to the future relations between Israel and the Palestinians? (Harris, September 23, 2005)

	Excellent		Pretty Good		Only Fair		Poor		Positive – NET (Excellent/Pretty Good)		Negative – NET (Only Fair/Poor)
	Mar	Sept	Mar	Sept	Mar	Sept	Mar	Sept	Mar	Sept	Mar	Sept
Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas	3	*	29	20	53	57	15	22	32	21	68	79
George W. Bush	10	5	26	25	36	35	27	35	37	30	63	70
Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon	4	4	32	31	48	49	16	16	36	35	64	65

Note: Percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding.

* Less than 0.5%.

How willing do you think the Israelis/Palestinians are to compromise in order to secure a lasting peace in the region? (Harris, September 23, 2005)

	Israelis		Palestinians
	Mar	Sept	Mar	Sept
Very willing	5%	6%	3%	2%
Somewhat willing	40%	42%	36%	30%
Somewhat unwilling	28%	28%	30%	35%
Very unwilling	14%	13%	16%	22%
Not sure	13%	9%	15%	11%

Do you think the prospects for peace have improved, worsened or stayed the same? (ADL, October, 2007)

	2005	2007
Improved	39%	9%
Worsened	9%	20%
Stayed about the same	45%	59%

In your opinion, does the Bush administration tilt toward Israel, the Palestinians, or is it generally balanced? (ADL, March 18-25, 2005)

Israel	39%
Palestinians	3%
Balanced	41%

Who do you currently think is doing more to bring peace to the region: Israel or the Palestinians? (ADL, March 18-25, 2005)

Israel	48%
Palestinians	11%
Don't know	41%

In your opinion, how serious are the leaders of Israel about wanting to reach a peace agreement with the Palestinians -- very serious, somewhat serious, not very serious, or not at all serious? (ADL, October, 2007)

	2003	2005	2007
Very serious	25%	30%	22%
Somewhat serious	70%	74%	65%

Do you believe the leaders of the moderate Arab countries like Jordan and Egypt are doing enough to end the Israeli-Palestinian conflict – or should they be doing more? (ADL, October, 2007)

	2003	2005	2007
Doing enough	10%	12%	10%
Should be doing more	77%	74%	76%

In your opinion, how serious is new Palestinian leader Mahmaud Abbas about wanting to reach a peace agreement with the Israelis -- very serious, somewhat serious, not very serious, or not at all serious. (ADL)

	2003	2005
Serious	46%	64%
Not serious	43%	17%

Which statement is closest to your own view …? (ADL, March 18-25, 2005)

As a world leader trying to bring peace to the Middle East, it is important for the U.S. to work with Arab nations like Egypt and Jordan, even if it means weakening our strong relationship with Israel.	40%
Israel is America's most loyal ally in the Middle East. The U.S. has a moral and strategic obligation to keep our relationship with Israel strong, even if this means weakening our relationship with the Arab world.	36%
Peace between the Israelis and the Palestinians will never take place without the continuing leadership and involvement of the U.S. government.	31%
It is up to the Palestinians and the Israelis to solve their own problems; any lasting peace agreement between them must be reached with minimal involvement from the U.S..	59%

Do you believe that a two-state solution where both Israel and the Palestinians have their own separate land and governments will bring peace to the region or will there always be conflict? (The Israel Project, July 17-19, 2004)

Will bring peace	26%
There will always be conflict	72%

And, do you believe that the Palestinians’ ultimate goal is to live in peace side by side with Israel, or do you believe their ultimate goal is the elimination of Israel? (The Israel Project, July 17-19, 2004)

Live in peace	29%
Elimination of Israel	64%

Next, please tell me if you agree or disagree with each of the following statements... (The Israel Project, July 17-19, 2004)

	Agree	Disagree	DK/Refuse
The Palestinians have been indoctrinated by a generation of anti-Israel and anti-American propaganda; they are teaching their children to hate Americans and Jews and to become terrorists.	72%	20%	8%
There cannot be peace in the Middle East until the Palestinians stop teaching their children to become terrorists and to hate Israel and America.	81%	14%	5%
Shares US principles of freedom and equality	25%	36%	7%
Israel cannot be expected to negotiate with the Palestinians when the Palestinian leadership has said the ultimate goal is to eliminate Israel.	64%	29%	6%

In the Middle East conflict, do you think the United States should take Israel's side, take the Palestinian's side, or not take either side?

		Israel's side	Palestinian's side	Not take either	No Opinion

December 2006	PIPA	21%	1%	73%	5%
August 2005	Israel Project	29%	6%	52%
March 2005	ADL	13%	1%	78%
January 2005	Israel Project	20%	1%	70%
December 2004	PIPA	19%	1%	77%	3%
November 2004	Israel Project	25%	2%	67%
July 2004	Israel Project	22%	1%	72%
March 23, 2004	Israel Project	31%	0%	64%
November 2003	Israel Project	31%	3%	62%
June 2003*	Gallup	18%	4%	74%	4%
July 2002	Israel Project	23%	2%	68%
May 8, 2002	PIPA	22%	3%	67%	8%
April 29- May 1, 2002	Gallup	24%	2%	68%	6%
April 5-7, 2002	Gallup	22%	2%	71%	5%
November 1-4, 2001	PIPA	20%	.6%	70%	9%
Sept. 2001	Gallup	27%	1%	63%	9%
July 2000	Gallup	16%	1%	74%	9%
Jan 2000	Gallup	15%	1%	72%	12%
Dec 1998	Gallup	17%	2%	73%	7%
May 1998	Gallup	15%	2%	74%	9%

*Asked of a half sample.

Which comes closer to your view about the situation in the Middle East between the Israelis and the Palestinian Arabs — the United States should take an active role in attempting to find a diplomatic solution to the violence in the Middle East, (or) the United States whould encourage the two sides to find a solution on their own, but should not take an active role? (Gallup)

Gallup	Active role	Not an active role	No Opinion
Aug. 2001	32%	65%	3%

As far as you are concerned, how important a goal should the development of a peaceful solution to the Palestinian-Israeli situation in the Middle East be to the United States? Should it be a very important foreign policy goal of the United States, a somewhat important goal, not too important, or not an important goal at all?

Gallup	Very important	Somewhat important	Not too important	Not at all important	No Opinion
June 2003*	50%	37%	7%	4%	2%
April 29- May 1, 2002	44%	42%	9%	4%	1%
April 5-7, 2002	58%	32%	5%	4%	1%
Mar 2002	58%	30%	5%	6%	1%
Feb 2002	54%	30%	7%	6%	3%
Feb 2001	43%	40%	10%	5%	2%
July 2000	34%	43%	14%	6%	3%
Jan 2000	32%	46%	12%	6%	4%
July 1999	41%	41%	9%	6%	3%
Sep 1993	41%	36%	11%	8%	4%
Mar 1991	46%	41%	6%	5%	2%

Do you think there will or will not come a time when Israel and the Arab nations will be able to settle their differences and live in peace?

Gallup	Yes, there will be a time	No, there will not	No Opinion
Feb. 2007	34%	63%	3%
Feb. 2006	32%	65%	2%
Feb. 2005	49%	48%	3%
Nov 2004	37%	60%	3%
June 2003*	38%	60%	2%
May 2003	51%	46%	3%
Apr 2002	36%	61%	3%
Feb 2002	37%	59%	4%
Aug. 2001	32%	64%	4%
Feb 2001	41%	56%	3%
Jan 2000	49%	45%	6%
July 1999	49%	47%	4%
Dec 1998	40%	56%	4%
Aug. 1997	36%	56%	8%

*Asked of a half sample.

In 1974, the Palestine Liberation Organization adopted what was called a "phased plan" for the destruction of the State of Israel. According to this plan, the Palestinians would seek in phase I to obtain whatever land they could from Israel via negotiations, intimidation or coercion. In phase ii, that land would be used to finish the job against Israel. It's now been almost 30 years. Do you think the current objective of the Palestinian leadership with Israel or is it still to destroy Israel? (Center for Security Policy, June, 2003)

Destroy Israel	49%
Make peace with Israel	28%
Don't know	23%

The role of the United States.
A year ago, President Bush said, and I quote, "The United States will not support the establishment of a Palestinian state until its leaders engage in a sustained fight against terrorists and dismantle their infrastructure."
First, do you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or strongly disagree with this policy? (Center for Security Policy, June, 2003)

Agree	73%
Disagree	18%
Don't know/Refused	9%

Palestinian maps, school books, popular culture and leaders reflect a continued desire to destroy the state of Israel. Israel insists this must stop before there can be any hope for a true peace between Israel and the Arabs. Is that a fair or unfair demand? (Center for Security Policy, June, 2003)

Fair	73%
Unfair	16%
Don't know/Refused	11%

Now let's talk about the demands being made by both sides and whether or not they are fair or unfair...? (Center for Security Policy, June, 2003)

	Fair	Unfair
Stop desire destroy Israel	73%	16%
Remain de-militarized	35%	47%
Israel admit refugees	25%	45%

Who do you think is more likely to guarantee free access to the important holy land religious sites--Israel or the Palestinians? (Center for Security Policy, June, 2003)

Israel	61%
Palestinians	6%
Both/Neither	19%
Don't know/Refused	14%

Who do you think is more likely to safeguard the important holy land religious sites--Israel or the Palestinians? (Center for Security Policy, June, 2003)

Israel	55%
Palestinians	6%
Both/Neither	24%
Don't know/Refused	16%

Last June, President Bush called for a new Palestinian leadership "Untainted by terror." The new Palestinian prime minister has been Yasser Arafat's deputy for most of the past forty years. Do you think he can be considered a "new leader" for the Palestinians, or is he not really represent new leadership? (Center for Security Policy, June, 2003)

New leader	21%
Not new leadership	61%
Don't know/Refused	18%

Who do you think is mainly to blame for the violence, the Israelis or the Palestinians? (Harris)

	Nov 2000	July 2001	March 2002	April 2002	May 2002	June 2002	July 2002	Aug 2002
	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%
Israelis	13	14	10	11	13	10	9	12
Palestinians	34	26	32	36	34	39	42	43
Neither/Both	26	26	44	39	40	28	30	30
Not sure/Refused	27	34	12	14	13	22	19	15

Who do you think is more to blame for the current problems, the Israeli government or the Palestinian authorities? (Harris)

	1997		1998
	April	August	May
	%	%	%
Israeli Government	28	20	25
Palestinian authorities	31	37	28
Both equally/No difference (vol.)	22	31	26
Don�t know/Refused	19	11	21

How would you rate the job Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon/Chairman Yasser Arafat of the Palestinian Authority is doing to work for a reasonable solution to the future relations between Israel and the Palestinians � excellent, pretty good, only fair or poor? (Harris)

		Positive	Negative	Not Sure/ Refused
Prime Minister Sharon
August 2002	%	27	60	12
July 2002	%	26	59	14
June 2002	%	26	58	16
May 2002	%	25	63	12
April 2002	%	23	66	10
March 2002	%	24	62	13
July 2001	%	22	55	23
Chairman Arafat
August 2002	%	7	83	10
July 2002	%	7	82	12
June 2002	%	7	79	13
May 2002	%	9	82	8
April 2002	%	6	85	9
March 2002	%	10	80	10
July 2001	%	12	69	19
May 1998	%	22	66	12
August 1997	%	20	76	4

A recent proposal is that all the Arab states would recognize, and make peace with, Israel in return for an independent Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza with its capital in East Jerusalem. Do you favor this or not? (Harris)

	April 2002	May 2002	June 2002	July 2002
	%	%	%	%
Favor	51	54	50	54
Do not favor	22	23	27	22
Not sure/Refused	26	23	23	24

Do you feel that, over the last few years, the (Israelis/Palestinians) have been too willing to compromise, too unwilling to compromise or about right? Do you feel that way strongly or somewhat? (PIPA, May 8, 2002)

	Israel	Palestinians
Too willing - strongly	10%	3%
Too willing - somewhat	7%	3%
About right	28%	11%
Too unwilling - somewhat	23%	29%
Too unwilling - strongly	19%	41%
Don't know	15%	14%

Who do you think is more to blame for the failure to reach peace in the Middle East: the Israelis, the Palestinians, or both sides about equally? (PIPA, May 8, 2002)

The Israelis	7%
The Palestinians	29%
Both sides about equally	58%
Don't know	5%

Do you think that the events of September 11th have made resolving the conflict between the Israelis and the Palestinians more important or less important for the US? (PIPA, May 8, 2002)

More important	73%
Less important	12%
Made no difference (Vol.)	10%
Don't know	4%

Overall, do you think that President Bush did the right thing or made a mistake recently by getting involved in trying to reduce the level of conflict between Israel and the Palestinians? (PIPA, May 8, 2002)

Did the right thing	70%
Made a mistake	23%
Don't know	7%

Thinking back, do you think that President Clinton did the right thing or made a mistake by getting as involved as he did in trying to make peace between Israel and the Palestinians? (PIPA, May 8, 2002)

Did the right thing	59%
Made a mistake	30%
Don't know	11%

In April, President Bush demanded that Israel withdraw its troops from the Palestinian towns it recently took over. Do you approve or disapprove of President Bush taking this action? (PIPA, May 8, 2002)

Approve	63%
Disapprove	26%
Don't know	10%

If Israel does not fully withdraw its troops, do you favor or oppose telling Israel not to use US-provided battlefield weapons in these operations? (PIPA, May 8, 2002)

Favor	52%
Oppose	35%
Don't know	12%

In April, Secretary of State Colin Powell met with Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat. Do you approve or disapprove of Secretary Powell meeting with Yasser Arafat? (PIPA, May 8, 2002)

Approve	78%
Disapprove	15%
Don't know	7%

Do you think that the recent Israeli military intervention in the West Bank has increased or decreased the likelihood of further suicide bombings against Israeli civilians? (PIPA, May 8, 2002)

Increased	62%
Decreased	15%
Made no difference (Vol.)	5%
Don't know	17%

Do you think that Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories since 1967 has increased or decreased the security of Israel? (PIPA, May 8, 2002)

Increased	43%
Decreased	34%
Made no difference (Vol.)	4%
Don't know	18%

Overall, do you favor or oppose the US putting more pressure on Israel to make compromises with the Palestinians? (PIPA, May 8, 2002)

Favor	56%
Oppose	35%
Don't know	9%

[IF "DK" OR "OPPOSE" ABOVE] I'd like you to imagine that the Palestinians stopped engaging in all forms of terrorism, including suicide bombing, and instead used nonviolent forms of protest such as demonstrations, strikes, and boycotts. Would you then favor or oppose putting more pressure on Israel to make compromises with the Palestinians? (PIPA, May 8, 2002)

Favor	64%
Oppose	26%
Don't know	9%

Two questions above combined (PIPA, May 8, 2002)

Favor	56%
Favor if non-violent	28%
Oppose	12%
Don't know	3%

If Israel and the Palestinian Authority were to come to a peace agreement, would you support or oppose the US participating, together with a number of other countries, in a UN-sponsored peacekeeping force to monitor and enforce the agreement? (PIPA, May 8, 2002)

Support	77%
Oppose	16%
Don't know	7%

Who do you think should take the lead in trying to resolve the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians: the US, the United Nations, a group of leading nations including the US, or no outside country or group should take the lead? (PIPA, May 8, 2002)

The US	13%
The United Nations	41%
A group of leading nations including the US	27%
No outside country or group	15%
Don't know	4%

I would like to know your impression, even if you are not very sure about it. Is it your impression that, so far this year, more Israelis or more Palestinians have died in the conflict, or is the number roughly equal? (PIPA, May 8, 2002)

Israelis	15%
Palestinians	32%
Roughly equal	35%
Don't know	18%

As you may know, the US has called for the Israelis and the Palestinians to declare a ceasefire and return to the negotiating table. Here are some things that the US could say it will do, if they continue to refuse. For each one, please tell me if you think this would be a good idea or not a good idea. The US could: [For the following, half of the sample heard the text in parentheses; the other half did not. There was no statistical difference between responses with different wordings; thus, combined results are reported below. (PIPA, May 8, 2002)

	Good idea	Not a good idea	Don't know
Say it will withhold some of the (three billion dollars a year in) aid that the US gives to Israel.	61%	35%	4%
Say it will withhold spare parts for some of the advanced weapons the US has given Israel.	64%	29%	5%
Say it will withhold some of the (80 million dollars a year in) aid that the US gives to the Palestinians.	63%	31%	5%
Say it will no longer deal with Yasser Arafat.	50%	41%	8%

Do you think that Israel's struggle with the Palestinians is best described as a part of the war on terrorism, like the US struggle with Al Q'aeda; as a conflict between two national groups fighting over the same piece of land; OR would you describe it some other way? (PIPA, May 8, 2002)

Part of war on terrorism	17%
Conflict over land	46%
Other	29%
Don't know	7%

A highly controversial issue is that Israel has built villages for Israelis, called settlements, in the West Bank and Gaza, which are territories where Palestinians live that have been occupied by Israel since the 1967 war? (PIPA, May 8, 2002)

All right to build	35%
Should not build	52%
Don't know	12%

Here are some statements in support of the Palestinian position. Please tell me if you find them convincing or unconvincing

UN resolutions 242 and 338, which were endorsed by nearly all members of the UN, including the US, called for Israel to withdraw from territories it invaded in the 1967 war. Thus, for Israel to build new settlements in these areas is illegal under international law. Do you find this statement convincing or unconvincing? Would that be very or somewhat (un)convincing? (PIPA, May 8, 2002)

Very convincing	27%
Somewhat convincing	30%
Somewhat unconvincing	18%
Very unconvincing	15%
Don't know	11%

During the peace process, Israeli settlement activity doubled. As Israel was negotiating about land with the Palestinians, they continued to illegally confiscate land. Clearly the Israelis are negotiating in bad faith and undermining the peace process. Do you find this statement convincing or unconvincing? Would that be very or somewhat (un)convincing? (PIPA, May 8, 2002)

Very convincing	26%
Somewhat convincing	26%
Somewhat unconvincing	23%
Very unconvincing	17%
Don't know	9%

Here are some statements in support of the Israeli position. Please tell me if you find them convincing or unconvincing.

Israel has a right to build settlements in the West Bank and Gaza because Jews have lived in these areas for centuries and have legitimate historical claims to property there. Do you find this statement convincing or unconvincing? Would that be very or somewhat (un)convincing? (PIPA, May 8, 2002)

Very convincing	27%
Somewhat convincing	27%
Somewhat unconvincing	20%
Very unconvincing	16%
Don't know	9%

Just as Arabs live in Israel, Jews should be able to live in the areas that could come under Palestinian control in the future. Thus, Israel has a right to build housing for Jews who want to live in those areas. Do you find this statement convincing or unconvincing? Would that be very or somewhat (un)convincing? (PIPA, May 8, 2002)

Very convincing

24%