Post-Attack Assessment of the First 12 Days
of Israeli Strikes on Iranian Nuclear Facilities

Israel’s historic assault on Iran’s nuclear program, followed by precision U.S. strikes, has delivered a crippling blow to Tehran’s nuclear ambitions, according to a new analysis by the Institute for Science and International Security. Over 12 days, the coordinated attacks devastated Iran’s key enrichment sites at Natanz and Fordow, demolished critical uranium conversion and centrifuge manufacturing facilities, and severely impaired weaponization centers linked to Iran’s clandestine nuclear weapons development. The report details how these unprecedented strikes have not only dismantled Iran’s current capabilities but also significantly set back its ability to rebuild, presenting a rare diplomatic window to negotiate lasting nuclear restrictions.

The following is an executive summary of the report. For the full report, click here.

Following Israel’s unprecedented “Operation Rising Lion” and subsequent U.S. “Operation Midnight Hammer”, this report offers a comprehensive post-attack battle damage assessment of Iran’s nuclear infrastructure as of June 24, 2025. Utilizing high-resolution satellite imagery, IAEA reports, and intelligence analysis, the Institute for Science and International Security evaluates the extensive damage inflicted on multiple critical components of Iran’s nuclear program.

The coordinated Israeli and U.S. attacks have profoundly degraded Iran’s nuclear enrichment capacity and its ability to assemble a nuclear weapon. Key findings include:

• Centrifuge Enrichment Destruction: The Natanz facility suffered significant destruction to both its above-ground pilot enrichment plant and underground cascade halls, severely impacting Iran’s uranium enrichment operations. The Fordow site, a deeply buried enrichment facility, was targeted by twelve U.S. bunker buster bombs, likely rendering it inoperable.
• Uranium Conversion and Weaponization Capabilities: Multiple facilities within the Esfahan Nuclear Complex were destroyed or damaged, including uranium metal conversion plants critical for manufacturing weapon cores. The TABA/TESA Karaj centrifuge manufacturing site was almost entirely demolished, eliminating vital centrifuge production capacity.
• Nuclear Weapon Development Sites: Facilities connected to Iran’s past and possibly ongoing weaponization efforts, such as Lavisan 2, Sanjarian, and the new SPND headquarters, sustained severe damage, disrupting nuclear weapons design and research activities.
• Plutonium Pathway Severely Impaired: The IR-40 Arak Heavy Water Reactor and its associated Heavy Water Production Plant were heavily damaged, eliminating a potential plutonium production route.

Despite the extensive damage, residual stocks of enriched uranium and uninstalled centrifuges still pose a potential proliferation risk. The report underscores the importance of leveraging the current ceasefire, announced on June 23, 2025, to pursue verifiable agreements dismantling Iran’s remaining enrichment capabilities, weaponization infrastructure, and stockpiles under robust IAEA supervision.

Source: David Albright, Spencer Faragasoo, “Post-Attack Assessment of the First 12 Days of Israeli Strikes on Iranian Nuclear Facilities,” Institute for Science and International Security, (June 24, 2025).