In your opinion, how many Arab Israelis are political extremists? (JPPI, January 30-February 3, 2025)

	Israeli Jews
	February 2024	October 2024	February 2025
Most of them	26%	24%	28%
Many of them	24%	25%	28%
Some of them	39%	38%	34%
Very few	8%	10%	7%
DK	3%	4%	3%

In your opinion, how many Jewish Israelis are political extremists? (JPPI, January 30-February 3, 2025)

	Israeli Jews
	February 2024	October 2024	February 2025
Most of them	3%	3%	2%
Many of them	21%	21%	19%
Some of them	49%	52%	51%
Very few	24%	23%	26%
DK	2%	1%	2%

In your opinion, how many Jewish Israelis are political extremists? (JPPI, January 30-February 3, 2025)

	Arab Israelis
	February 2024	October 2024	February 2025
Most of them	37%	20%	28%
Many of them	25%	40%	35%
Some of them	19%	21%	18%
Very few	8%	11%	9%
DK	11%	8%	9%

Are you willing or not willing for you or a close family member to have contact with Arab citizens of Israel in each of the following areas [Jewish citizens of Israel]? (Kan 11, Midgam, January 2025)

	Not willing	Might be willing in the future	Willing now	DK
Shared extracurricular activities for children	48%	17%	30%	5%
Shared university studies	34%	17%	44%	5%
Working in a shared workplace	26%	18%	48%	8%
Friendship relations	45%	22%	27%	7%

Are you willing or not willing for you or a close family member to have contact with Jewish citizens of Israel in each of the following areas [Arab citizens of Israel]? (Kan 11, Midgam, January 2025)

	Not willing	Might be willing in the future	Willing now	DK
Shared extracurricular activities for children	8%	15%	57%	20%
Shared university studies	6%	10%	67%	18%
Working in a shared workplace	5%	10%	68%	16%
Friendship relations	13%	13%	53%	21%

Most Arab Israelis wish to integrate into Israeli society and be part of it. (IDI, April, August 2021, October 2024)

	2018		2019		2020		2021		2022		2024
	Israeli Arabs	Israeli Jews	Israeli Arabs	Israeli Jews	Israeli Arabs	Israeli Jews	Israeli Arabs	Israeli Jews	Israeli Arabs	Israeli Jews	Israeli Arabs	Israeli Jews
Very much agree			52%	27%			51%	9%
Somewhat agree			31%	30%			29%	42%
Total Agree	66%	67%	83%	57%	81%	57%	80%	51%	75%	40%	74%	38%

It is preferable for Jews and Arabs in Israel to live separately from one another. (Israel Democracy Institute, September 18–20, 2022)

	Israeli Jews	Israeli Arabs	Total
Strongly agree	25%	5%	22%
Somewhat agree	29%	15%	26%
Somewhat disagree	23%	24%	23%
Strongly disagree	13%	50%	19%
Don't know	12%	6%	10%

Who has a stronger attachment to the country—Jews or Arabs? (IDI, August 2021)

	2021
	Israeli Arabs	Israeli Jews
Equally strong	33%	28%
Jews have a stronger attachment	33%	68%
Arabs have a stronger attachment	33%	1%
DK	1%	4%

Relations between Jewish and Arab Israelis today are... (IDI, April, August 2021)

	2017		2019		2021
	Israeli Arabs	Israeli Jews	Israeli Arabs	Israeli Jews	Israeli Arabs	Israeli Jews
Good to very good	30%	16%	31%	20%	30%	9%
So-so	42%	51%	49%	57%	54%	59%
Bad to very bad	27%	31%	20%	21%	16%	31%

Agree that it would be better for Jews and Arabs in Israel to live separately from one another. (IDI, April, August 2021)

	2017		2019		2020		2021
	Israeli Arabs	Israeli Jews	Israeli Arabs	Israeli Jews	Israeli Arabs	Israeli Jews	Israeli Arabs	Israeli Jews
Agree	22%	52%	17%	46%	22%	42%	20%	50%

Where should Arab Israelis be allowed to buy land? (IDI, April, August 2021)

	2021
	Israeli Jews
Anywhere in Israel	29%
Only in Arab localities and neighborhoods	37%
Arabs should not be allowed to buy land in Israel at all	18%
DK	16%

All Israeli citizens aged 18 (including Arabs and Haredim) should be required to perform military or national civilian service. (IDI, April, August 2021)

	2019		2021
	Israeli Arabs	Israeli Jews	Israeli Arabs	Israeli Jews
Agree	35%	72%	28%	70%
Disagree	63%	24%	71%	28%

Think that it is possible for an Arab Israeli who feels part of the Palestinian people to also be a loyal citizen of the State of Israel. (IDI, April, August 2021) (Israeli Jews)

	2021
Agree	33%

The curriculum for all Israeli students should include historical and cultural content that is important to the Arab public in Israel. (IDI, April 2021)

	2021
	Israeli Arabs	Israeli Jews
Agree	93%	44%
Disagree	7%	50%

The Arab education system should be given a free hand in determining the curriculum for Arab schools. (IDI, April 2021)

	2021
	Israeli Arabs	Israeli Jews
Agree	92%	31%
Disagree	9%	63%

The percentage of Arabs in senior positions in the civil service is lower than the relative share of Arabs in Israel’s population, because… (IDI, April, August 2021)

	2021
	Israeli Arabs	Israeli Jews
Lack of suitable Arab candidates	13%	20%
Lack of desire of Arab citizens to enter the civil service	13%	34%
Limited political power of Arab Israelis	22%	15%
Desire of Jews to keep Arabs out of positions of authority	50%	18%
DK	2%	13%

Even when Arabs are more suitable for a study program or a job, Jews will always be accepted ahead of them. (IDI, August 2021)

	2021
	Israeli Arabs
Agree	81%
Disagree	18%

Main reason for the high crime rate in Arab society (IDI, April 2021)

	2021
	Israeli Arabs	Israeli Jews
The State does not invest enough resources in preventing crime	58%	30%
Investing resources or cooperation with the police will not help, because Arab society is violent	22%	22%
Arab leadership does not cooperate with the police to reduce crime	17%	37%
DK/Other/Refuse	3%	12%

Arab Israelis tend not to cooperate with the police because they… (IDI, August 2021)

	2021
	Israeli Arabs	Israeli Jews
Feel that the police do not deal properly with crime in Arab localities	65%	38%
Do not feel part of the State of Israel	7%	33%
Are afraid to go to the police	25%	16%
DK/Other	3%	13%

Agree to accept Arabs/Jews as… (IDI, April, August 2021)

	2019		2021
	Israeli Arabs	Israeli Jews	Israeli Arabs	Israeli Jews
Personal friends	85%	64%	78%	58%
Neighbors in the same building	89%	58%	64%	45%
Friends from the workplace	96%	81%	88%	71%

I try not to enter Arab/Jewish localities. (IDI, April, August 2021)

	2017		2019		2021
	Israeli Arabs	Israeli Jews	Israeli Arabs	Israeli Jews	Israeli Arabs	Israeli Jews
Agree	16%	59%	8%	58%	13%	65%

How do you feel about Israel’s Arab citizens? (INSS, National Security Index 2018-19; 2021) (Israeli Jews only)

	2019	2020
We need to respect them, but suspect them	42%	43%
They are citizens with equal rights	32%	31%
They are potential enemies	23%	20%
They are citizens without equal rights	3%	6%

Do you agree with the following statement: “The Arab citizens of Israel should have a more central role in efforts to promote peace between Israel and the Palestinians”? (Mitvim Institute, September 2019)

	Jewish Israelis	Arab Israelis	Total
Agree	54%	63%	55%
Disagree	26%	11%	24%
No opinion	20%	26%	21%

Do you agree with the following statement: “The Arab citizens of Israel should have a more central role in the formulation of Israel’s foreign policy”? (Mitvim Institute, September 2019)

	Jewish Israelis	Arab Israelis	Total
Agree	28%	74%	37%
Disagree	52%	15%	45%
No opinion	20%	11%	18%

Recently the U.S. ambassador told Prime Minister Netanyahu that his country is concerned about Israel’s unequal application of the law toward Jews and Palestinians on the West Bank. In your opinion, does Israel indeed apply the law unequally toward Jews and Palestinians on the West Bank? (Peace Index, January 2016)

	Israeli Jews	Israeli Arabs	General Public
I'm sure it does	16.3%	68.1%	25%
I think it does	22.9%	9.8%	20.7%
I think it doesn't	24.1%	1.9%	20.4%
I'm sure it doesn't	28.7%	12.4%	26%
Don't know	8%	7.9%	8%

What, in your opinion, are the chances that sometime in the future Jews and Arabs will be able to live in one state as citizens with equal rights who recognize each other's rights? (Peace Index, September 2015)

	Israeli Jews	Israeli Arabs	General Public
Very low chances	52.7%	43.8%	51.2%
Moderately low chances	34.2%	24.3%	32.6%
Moderately high chances	6.8%	7.1%	6.9%
Very high chances	2.9%	15.6%	5%
Don't Know	3.3%	9.1%	4.3%

As for the Arab citizens of Israel, in your assessment does the majority support or not support the actions of Daesh? (Peace Index, November 2015)

	Israeli Jews	Israeli Arabs	General Population
I'm sure the majority doesn't support them	17.9%	80.6%	28.3%
I think the majority doesn't support them	40.1%	8.7%	34.9%
I think the majority supports them	25.6%	1%	21.5%
I'm sure the majority supports them	10.1%	0%	8.4%
Don't know/refuse	6.4%	9.7%	6.9%

Are you worried on a daily basis that you or your family may be harmed by Israeli individuals? (PCPSR, December 2014)

	Palestinians	Israelis
Yes, I am worried that Israeli individuals may harm my family or I during our daily life.	82%	62%
No, I am not worried that Israeli individuals may harm my family or I during our daily life.	19%	36%

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: “The Arab citizens of Israel should have a more central role in improving Israel’s relations with the countries of the Middle East.” (Mitvim Institute, October 28–29, 2013)

	2013
	Jewish Israelis	Arab Israelis	Total
Agree	55%	74%	59%
Disagree	31%	12%	27%
No opinion	14%	14%	14%

Do you believe the state should encourage Arab migration? (Center for the Campaign Against Racism, December 2006)

Yes

50%

How do you feel when you hear Arabic being spoken around you on the streets of Israel? (Center for the Campaign Against Racism, December 2006)

Fearful	50%
Uncomfortable	43%
Feel hatred	30%

Would you refuse to work at a job at which your direct supervisor was an Arab? (Center for the Campaign Against Racism, December 2006)

Yes

50%

The Ministry of the Treasury asserted this week that the reduction in the child allowances caused a drop in the birth rates of Israeli Arabs. Do you think that it is justified for the Treasury to take such things into consideration? (Maariv, January 28, 2005)

Yes	32%
No	62%

I would prefer not live next door to a Palestinian / [Jew] / {Israeli}. (PORI, September 2003)

	Israeli Jews	Israeli Arabs	Palestinians
Strongly Agree	54%	[24%]	(33%}
Somewhat Agree	16%	[16%]	{17%}
Somewhat Disagree	14%	[17%]	{22%}
Strongly Disagree	14%	[42%]	{23%}
Don't Know	2%	[2%]	{6%}

Israel Arabs were recently involved in attempted terror attacks in Tiberias and Haifa. In your view, what portion of the Israeli Arab community supports carrying out such acts? (Tami Steinmetz Research Institute for Peace at Tel Aviv University, September 1999)

Only a few individuals	28%
At least half	34%
A sizeable minority	32%
DK	6%

If a Palestinian state is created, to which state will Israeli Arabs be more loyal? (Tami Steinmetz Research Institute for Peace at Tel Aviv University, September 1999)

To Palestinian state	57%
To Israel	17%
To both, equally	17%
DK	9%

In your opinion, are Israeli Arabs entitled to all political rights in Israel? (Tami Steinmetz Research Institute for Peace at Tel Aviv University, September 1999)

Should have equal rights	46%
Jews should have more rights	50%
DK	4%

Regarding economic rights, in your opinion, should Jewish and Arab citizens have equal rights? (Tami Steinmetz Research Institute for Peace at Tel Aviv University, September 1999)

Should have equal rights	60%
Jews should have more rights	37%
DK	3%

In your opinion, to what extent should Israeli Arabs be integrated into Israeli society? (Tami Steinmetz Research Institute for Peace at Tel Aviv University, September 1999)

Completely	12%
Considerably	34%
Slightly	28%
Not at all	21%
DK	3%

Questions asked only of Palestinians

Joint poll questions asked of Palestinians and Israelis

Would you mind an Israeli (Palestinian) to be your personal friend? (Source: JMCC/Steinmetz Poll, December 1997)

	PA	PA		Palestinian Area	PA		PA	PA
	Total (12/97)	Total (2/99)	Palestinian Total (12/00)	West Bank (12/97)	West Bank (2/99)	West Bank (12/00)	Gaza Strip (12/97)	Gaza Strip (2/99)	Gaza Strip (12/00)
Yes	50.8%	51.1	75.3	44.9%	45.9	70.5	61.8%	61.4	83.6
No	46.7%	44.4	21.8	52.4%	49.1	26.9	36.1%	35.9	13.0
No answer	2.5%	4.1	2.9	2.7%	5.0	2.6	2.0%	2.7	3.4

If a peace settlement is reached between the Israelis and the Palestinians in the future, would you still have a problem taking an Israeli (Palestinians) as a friend? (Source: JMCC/Steinmetz Poll, December 1997)

	Palestinian Authority	PA		Palestinian Area	PA		PA	PA
	Total (12/97)	Total (2/99)	Palestinian Total (12/00)	West Bank (12/97)	West Bank (2/99)	West Bank (12/00)	Gaza Strip (12/97)	Gaza Strip (2/99)	Gaza Strip (12/00)
Yes	75.7%	77.2	82.1	78.0%	74.1	77.2	72.8%	81.1	89.1
No	20.4%	16.3	15.5	17.7%	18.4	19.6	24.1%	13.7	9.5
No answer	3.9%	6.5	2.4	4.3%	7.5	3.2	3.1%	5.2	1.4

Did you have in the past, or do you have today any personal or business relationships with Israeli (Palestinian) civilians. (Source: JMCC/Steinmetz Poll, December 1997)

			Palestinian Area			PA
	Total (12/97)	Total (2/99)	West Bank (12/97)	West Bank (2/99)	Gaza Strip (12/97)	Gaza Strip (2/99)
Yes	22.1%	25.7	23.7%	27.7	19.2%	22.3
No	77.6%	74.0	76.1%	71.9	80.3%	77.7
No answer	0.3%	0.3	0.2%	0.4	0.5%	0.0

How would you describe these relations? (Source: JMCC/Steinmetz Poll, December 1997)

			Palestinian Area
	Total (12/97)	Total (2/99)	West Bank (12/97)	West Bank (2/99)	Gaza Strip (12/97)	Gaza Strip (2/99)	Total (12/97)	Total (2/99)
Pleasant relationships	53.4%	46.3%	51.1%	51.2%	58.8%	35.7	71.7%	73.4
Unpleasant relationships	7.6%	13.3%	7.1%	11.4%	8.8%	17.3	3.6%	4.1
Sometimes pleasant, sometime unpleasant	37.4%	37.9%	39.6%	35.5%	32.4%	42.9	22.9%	21.7
Don't Know/No answer	1.6%	2.5%	2.2%	1.9%	0.0%	4.1	2.2%	0.8

What is your opinion about the following statement: In order to strengthen the support for peace among the Israelis and Palestinians the relationships between the two people should be depended in all areas. (Source: JMCC/Steinmetz Poll, December 1997)

		Palestinian Area
	Total	West Bank	Gaza Strip	Total
Strongly agree	9.9%	7.0%	15.1%	38.3%
Agree	55.4%	58.8%	49.3%	38.7%
Disagree	21.7%	22.1%	20.9%	11.5%
Strongly disagree	9.1%	7.2%	12.7%	6.3%
No answer	3.9%	4.9%	2.0%	5.3%

What about if a Palestinian state is estabished, would you still say that the relationship between the two peoples should not be strengthened? (Source: JMCC/Steinmetz Poll, December 1997)

		Palestinian Area
	Total	West Bank	Gaza Strip
Yes	69.3%	66.2%	74.3%
No	26.8%	29.8%	22.1%
No answer	3.9%	4.0%	3.6%

Now I am going to show you a list of characteristics that could be used to describe the Israelis (Palestinians), using the following scale (show scale), please indicate how you describe the Israelis (Palestinians): (Source: JMCC/Steinmetz Poll)

- Violent:


	Total (2/99)	Total (12/00)	West Bank (2/99)	West Bank (12/00)	Gaza Strip (2/99)	Gaza Strip (12/00)	Total (2/99)	Total (12/00)
1. Non-Violent	4.7	1.9	3.5	2.8	6.8	0.5	9.6	8.9
2.	3.7	1.6	2.8	2.2	5.2	0.5	8.6	6.1
3.	16.0	1.3	16.8	1.6	16.8	0.7	33.0	17.8
4.	17.9	6.9	23.0	7.5	23.0	5.9	15.1	16.4
5. Violent	57.6	87.5	48.2	85.1	48.2	91.6	20.5	46.2
No answer	0.1	0.8	0.1	0.8	0.0	0.8	12.7	4.5

- Honest:

				Palestinian Area				PA
	Total (12/97)	Total (2/99)	Total (12/00)	West Bank (12/97)	West Bank (2/99)	West Bank (12/00)	Gaza Strip (12/97)	Gaza Strip (2/99)	Gaza Strip (12/00)
1. Dishonest	53.4%	50.0	70.9	54.4%	49.5	66.5	51.7%	7.0	78.4
2.	8.9%	17.0	10.9	9.8%	17.1	13.2	7.5%	8.2	7.0
3.	17.7%	17.2	6.3	18.1%	18.4	6.5	17.1%	23.0	5.9
4.	7.8%	7.7	3.0	6.2%	7.0	4.1	10.6%	26.1	1.1
5. Honest	10.2%	8.1	7.8	9.9%	7.9	8.6	10.8%	35.2	6.6
No answer	2.0%	0.0	1.1	1.6%	0.1	1.1	2.3%	0.0	1.0

- Intelligent:

			Palestinian Area
	Total (12/97)	Total (2/99)	West Bank (12/97)	West Bank (2/99)	Gaza Strip (12/97)	Gaza Strip (2/99)
1. Unintelligent	7.8%	7.9	7.7%	8.4	7.9%	7.0
2.	4.0%	7.7	4.3%	7.4	3.4%	8.2
3.	16.4%	20.3	16.6%	18.8	15.9%	23.0
4.	16.6%	22.9	17.4%	21.0	15.1%	26.1
5. Intelligent	54.3%	41.0	53.2%	44.4	56.3%	35.2
No answer	0.9%	0.2	0.8%	0.0	1.4%	0.5

Strong:

	Palestinian Total (12/00)	West Bank (12/00)	Gaza Strip (12/00)
	n=1199	n=759	n=440
Weak	14.9	15.7	13.6
	8.3	7.1	10.5
In between	16.6	17.9	14.3
	16.3	16.1	16.8
Strong	42.8	42.2	43.9
Don't know	1.1	1.0	0.9

Questions asked only of Palestinians

On a scale of 1 through 5, how would you evaluate your proficiency in the Hebrew language? (Source: JMCC Poll, August 1999)

Compromise

	Total	West Bank	Gaza Strip
I know nothing at all (1)	68.2	67.9	68.9
I don't know (2)	8.8	10.5	5.7
In between (3)	11.9	11.8	12.1
I know a little (4)	5.3	4.8	5.9
Fluent (5)	5.3	4.5	6.9
No answer	0.5	0.5	0.5

Conversation

	Total	West Bank	Gaza Strip
I know nothing at all (1)	69.3	69.5	69.1
I don't know (2)	9.3	9.7	8.7
In between (3)	10.1	9.7	10.8
I know a little (4)	4.9	4.7	5.3
Fluent (5)	5.2	4.7	5.9
No answer	1.2	1.7	0.2

Reading

	Total	West Bank	Gaza Strip
I know nothing at all (1)	79.0	80.7	76.0
I don't know (2)	7.2	6.0	9.3
In between (3)	6.6	5.8	8.0
I know a little (4)	3.1	3.1	3.0
Fluent (5)	3.7	3.9	3.2
No answer	0.4	0.5	0.5

Writing

	Total	West Bank	Gaza Strip
I know nothing at all (1)	80.0	82.4	77.8
I don't know (2)	6.0	4.3	9.2
In between (3)	6.1	5.6	7.0
I know a little (4)	2.7	2.8	2.5
Fluent (5)	3.8	4.2	3.0
No answer	0.6	0.7	0.5

When do you usually use the Hebrew Language? (Source: JMCC Poll, August 1999)

	Total	West Bank	Gaza Strip
To watch TV	8.5	6.2	12.6
Liten to the radio	0.3	0.5	0.0
Read the newspapers	0.3	0.4	0.0
For official bureaucratic issues	2.3	3.4	0.5
Working needs	17.3	19.4	13.7
Chat with friends/social issues	1.8	2.3	0.9
Follow up cultural events/ movies	2.3	2.2	2.3
Others	2.5	2.7	2.3
No answer	64.7	62.9	67.7

Opinions of Israeli Jews and Israeli/Palestinian Arabs Toward Each Other