Opinions of Israeli Jews and Israeli/Palestinian Arabs Toward Each Other
(1999 - Present)
Most Arab Israelis wish to integrate into Israeli society and be part of it. (IDI, April, August 2021)
2019
|
2021
|
|||
Israeli Arabs
|
Israeli Jews
|
Israeli Arabs
|
Israeli Jews
|
|
Very much agree |
52% |
27% | 51% | 9% |
Somewhat agree |
31% |
30% | 29% | 42% |
Total Agree |
83%
|
57%
|
80%
|
51%
|
Who has a stronger attachment to the country—Jews or Arabs? (IDI, August 2021)
2021
|
||
Israeli Arabs
|
Israeli Jews
|
|
Equally strong | 33% | 28% |
Jews have a stronger attachment | 33% | 68% |
Arabs have a stronger attachment |
33%
|
1%
|
DK | 1% | 4% |
Relations between Jewish and Arab Israelis today are... (IDI, April, August 2021)
2017
|
2019
|
2021
|
||||
Israeli Arabs
|
Israeli Jews
|
Israeli Arabs
|
Israeli Jews
|
Israeli Arabs
|
Israeli Jews
|
|
Good to very good |
30% |
16% |
31% |
20% |
30% | 9% |
So-so |
42% |
51% |
49% |
57% |
54% | 59% |
Bad to very bad |
27%
|
31%
|
20%
|
21%
|
16%
|
31%
|
Agree that it would be better for Jews and Arabs in Israel to live separately from one another. (IDI, April, August 2021)
2017
|
2019
|
2020
|
2021
|
|||||
Israeli Arabs
|
Israeli Jews
|
Israeli Arabs
|
Israeli Jews
|
Israeli Arabs
|
Israeli Jews
|
Israeli Arabs
|
Israeli Jews
|
|
Agree |
22% |
52% |
17% |
46% |
22% | 42% | 20% | 50% |
Where should Arab Israelis be allowed to buy land? (IDI, April, August 2021)
2021
|
|
Israeli Jews
|
|
Anywhere in Israel | 29% |
Only in Arab localities and neighborhoods | 37% |
Arabs should not be allowed to buy land in Israel at all |
18%
|
DK | 16% |
All Israeli citizens aged 18 (including Arabs and Haredim) should be required to perform military or national civilian service. (IDI, April, August 2021)
2019
|
2021
|
|||
Israeli Arabs
|
Israeli Jews
|
Israeli Arabs
|
Israeli Jews
|
|
Agree |
35% |
72% | 28% | 70% |
Disagree |
63% |
24% | 71% | 28% |
Think that it is possible for an Arab Israeli who feels part of the Palestinian people to also be a loyal citizen of the State of Israel. (IDI, April, August 2021) (Israeli Jews)
2021
|
|
Agree | 33% |
The curriculum for all Israeli students should include historical and cultural content that is important to the Arab public in Israel. (IDI, April 2021)
2021
|
||
Israeli Arabs
|
Israeli Jews
|
|
Agree | 93% | 44% |
Disagree | 7% | 50% |
The Arab education system should be given a free hand in determining the curriculum for Arab schools. (IDI, April 2021)
2021
|
||
Israeli Arabs
|
Israeli Jews
|
|
Agree | 92% | 31% |
Disagree | 9% | 63% |
The percentage of Arabs in senior positions in the civil service is lower than the relative share of Arabs in Israel’s population, because… (IDI, April, August 2021)
2021
|
||
Israeli Arabs
|
Israeli Jews
|
|
Lack of suitable Arab candidates | 13% | 20% |
Lack of desire of Arab citizens to enter the civil service | 13% | 34% |
Limited political power of Arab Israelis | 22% |
15%
|
Desire of Jews to keep Arabs out of positions of authority | 50% | 18% |
DK | 2% | 13% |
Even when Arabs are more suitable for a study program or a job, Jews will always be accepted ahead of them. (IDI, August 2021)
2021
|
|
Israeli Arabs
|
|
Agree | 81% |
Disagree | 18% |
Main reason for the high crime rate in Arab society (IDI, April 2021)
2021
|
||
Israeli Arabs
|
Israeli Jews
|
|
The State does not invest enough resources in preventing crime | 58% | 30% |
Investing resources or cooperation with the police will not help, because Arab society is violent | 22% | 22% |
Arab leadership does not cooperate with the police to reduce crime | 17% |
37%
|
DK/Other/Refuse | 3% | 12% |
Arab Israelis tend not to cooperate with the police because they… (IDI, August 2021)
2021
|
||
Israeli Arabs
|
Israeli Jews
|
|
Feel that the police do not deal properly with crime in Arab localities | 65% | 38% |
Do not feel part of the State of Israel | 7% | 33% |
Are afraid to go to the police | 25% |
16%
|
DK/Other | 3% | 13% |
Agree to accept Arabs/Jews as… (IDI, April, August 2021)
2019
|
2021
|
|||
Israeli Arabs
|
Israeli Jews
|
Israeli Arabs
|
Israeli Jews
|
|
Personal friends |
85% |
64% | 78% | 58% |
Neighbors in the same building |
89% |
58% | 64% | 45% |
Friends from the workplace |
96%
|
81% | 88% | 71% |
I try not to enter Arab/Jewish localities. (IDI, April, August 2021)
2017
|
2019
|
2021
|
||||
Israeli Arabs
|
Israeli Jews
|
Israeli Arabs
|
Israeli Jews
|
Israeli Arabs
|
Israeli Jews
|
|
Agree |
16% |
59% |
8% |
58% |
13% | 65% |
How do you feel about Israel’s Arab citizens? (INSS, National Security Index 2018-19; 2021) (Israeli Jews only)
2019
|
2020
|
|
We need to respect them, but suspect them |
42% |
43% |
They are citizens with equal rights |
32% |
31% |
They are potential enemies |
23% |
20% |
They are citizens without equal rights |
3% |
6% |
Recently the U.S. ambassador told Prime Minister Netanyahu that his country is concerned about Israel’s unequal application of the law toward Jews and Palestinians on the West Bank. In your opinion, does Israel indeed apply the law unequally toward Jews and Palestinians on the West Bank? (Peace Index, January 2016)
Israeli Jews
|
Israeli Arabs
|
General Public
|
|
I'm sure it does |
16.3%
|
68.1%
|
25%
|
I think it does |
22.9%
|
9.8%
|
20.7%
|
I think it doesn't |
24.1%
|
1.9%
|
20.4%
|
I'm sure it doesn't |
28.7%
|
12.4%
|
26%
|
Don't know |
8%
|
7.9%
|
8%
|
What, in your opinion, are the chances that sometime in the future Jews and Arabs will be able to live in one state as citizens with equal rights who recognize each other's rights? (Peace Index, September 2015)
Israeli Jews
|
Israeli Arabs
|
General Public
|
|
Very low chances |
52.7%
|
43.8%
|
51.2%
|
Moderately low chances |
34.2%
|
24.3%
|
32.6%
|
Moderately high chances |
6.8%
|
7.1%
|
6.9%
|
Very high chances |
2.9%
|
15.6%
|
5%
|
Don't Know |
3.3%
|
9.1%
|
4.3%
|
As for the Arab citizens of Israel, in your assessment does the majority support or not support the actions of Daesh? (Peace Index, November 2015)
Israeli Jews
|
Israeli Arabs
|
General Population
|
|
I'm sure the majority doesn't support them |
17.9%
|
80.6%
|
28.3%
|
I think the majority doesn't support them |
40.1%
|
8.7%
|
34.9%
|
I think the majority supports them |
25.6%
|
1%
|
21.5%
|
I'm sure the majority supports them |
10.1%
|
0%
|
8.4%
|
Don't know/refuse |
6.4%
|
9.7%
|
6.9%
|
Are you worried on a daily basis that you or your family may be harmed by Israeli individuals? (PCPSR, December 2014)
Palestinians
|
Israelis
|
|
Yes, I am worried that Israeli individuals may harm my family or I during our daily life. |
82%
|
62%
|
No, I am not worried that Israeli individuals may harm my family or I during our daily life. |
19%
|
36%
|
Do you believe the state should encourage Arab migration? (Center for the Campaign Against Racism, December 2006)
Yes |
50%
|
How do you feel when you hear Arabic being spoken around you on the streets of Israel? (Center for the Campaign Against Racism, December 2006)
Fearful |
50%
|
Uncomfortable |
43%
|
Feel hatred |
30%
|
Would you refuse to work at a job at which your direct supervisor was an Arab? (Center for the Campaign Against Racism, December 2006)
Yes |
50%
|
The Ministry of the Treasury asserted this week that the reduction in the child allowances caused a drop in the birth rates of Israeli Arabs. Do you think that it is justified for the Treasury to take such things into consideration? (Maariv, January 28, 2005)
Yes | 32% |
No | 62% |
I would prefer not live next door to a Palestinian / [Jew] / {Israeli}. (PORI, September 2003)
Israeli Jews
|
Israeli Arabs
|
Palestinians
|
|
Strongly Agree |
54%
|
[24%]
|
(33%}
|
Somewhat Agree |
16%
|
[16%]
|
{17%}
|
Somewhat Disagree |
14%
|
[17%]
|
{22%}
|
Strongly Disagree |
14%
|
[42%]
|
{23%}
|
Don't Know |
2%
|
[2%]
|
{6%}
|
Israel Arabs were recently involved in attempted terror attacks in Tiberias and Haifa. In your view, what portion of the Israeli Arab community supports carrying out such acts? (Tami Steinmetz Research Institute for Peace at Tel Aviv University, September 1999)
Only a few individuals | 28% |
At least half | 34% |
A sizeable minority | 32% |
DK | 6% |
If a Palestinian state is created, to which state will Israeli Arabs be more loyal? (Tami Steinmetz Research Institute for Peace at Tel Aviv University, September 1999)
To Palestinian state | 57% |
To Israel | 17% |
To both, equally | 17% |
DK | 9% |
In your opinion, are Israeli Arabs entitled to all political rights in Israel? (Tami Steinmetz Research Institute for Peace at Tel Aviv University, September 1999)
Should have equal rights | 46% |
Jews should have more rights | 50% |
DK | 4% |
Regarding economic rights, in your opinion, should Jewish and Arab citizens have equal rights? (Tami Steinmetz Research Institute for Peace at Tel Aviv University, September 1999)
Should have equal rights | 60% |
Jews should have more rights | 37% |
DK | 3% |
In your opinion, to what extent should Israeli Arabs be integrated into Israeli society? (Tami Steinmetz Research Institute for Peace at Tel Aviv University, September 1999)
Completely | 12% |
Considerably | 34% |
Slightly | 28% |
Not at all | 21% |
DK | 3% |
Questions asked only of Palestinians
Joint poll questions asked of Palestinians and Israelis
Would you mind an Israeli (Palestinian) to be your personal friend? (Source: JMCC/Steinmetz Poll, December 1997)
PA
|
PA
|
|
Palestinian Area
|
PA
|
|
PA
|
PA
|
|
|
Total (12/97)
|
Total (2/99)
|
Palestinian Total (12/00)
|
West Bank (12/97)
|
West Bank (2/99)
|
West Bank (12/00)
|
Gaza Strip (12/97)
|
Gaza Strip (2/99)
|
Gaza Strip (12/00)
|
|
Yes |
50.8%
|
51.1
|
75.3
|
44.9%
|
45.9
|
70.5
|
61.8%
|
61.4
|
83.6
|
No |
46.7%
|
44.4
|
21.8
|
52.4%
|
49.1
|
26.9
|
36.1%
|
35.9
|
13.0
|
No answer |
2.5%
|
4.1
|
2.9
|
2.7%
|
5.0
|
2.6
|
2.0%
|
2.7
|
3.4
|
If a peace settlement is reached between the Israelis and the Palestinians in the future, would you still have a problem taking an Israeli (Palestinians) as a friend? (Source: JMCC/Steinmetz Poll, December 1997)
Palestinian Authority
|
PA
|
|
Palestinian Area
|
PA
|
|
PA
|
PA
|
|
|
Total (12/97)
|
Total (2/99)
|
Palestinian Total (12/00)
|
West Bank (12/97)
|
West Bank (2/99)
|
West Bank (12/00)
|
Gaza Strip (12/97)
|
Gaza Strip (2/99)
|
Gaza Strip (12/00)
|
|
Yes |
75.7%
|
77.2
|
82.1
|
78.0%
|
74.1
|
77.2
|
72.8%
|
81.1
|
89.1
|
No |
20.4%
|
16.3
|
15.5
|
17.7%
|
18.4
|
19.6
|
24.1%
|
13.7
|
9.5
|
No answer |
3.9%
|
6.5
|
2.4
|
4.3%
|
7.5
|
3.2
|
3.1%
|
5.2
|
1.4
|
Did you have in the past, or do you have today any personal or business relationships with Israeli (Palestinian) civilians. (Source: JMCC/Steinmetz Poll, December 1997)
|
|
Palestinian Area
|
|
|
PA
|
|
Total (12/97)
|
Total (2/99)
|
West Bank (12/97)
|
West Bank (2/99)
|
Gaza Strip (12/97)
|
Gaza Strip (2/99)
|
|
Yes |
22.1%
|
25.7
|
23.7%
|
27.7
|
19.2%
|
22.3
|
No |
77.6%
|
74.0
|
76.1%
|
71.9
|
80.3%
|
77.7
|
No answer |
0.3%
|
0.3
|
0.2%
|
0.4
|
0.5%
|
0.0
|
How would you describe these relations? (Source: JMCC/Steinmetz Poll, December 1997)
|
|
Palestinian Area
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total (12/97)
|
Total (2/99)
|
West Bank (12/97)
|
West Bank (2/99)
|
Gaza Strip (12/97)
|
Gaza Strip (2/99)
|
Total (12/97)
|
Total (2/99)
|
|
Pleasant relationships |
53.4%
|
46.3%
|
51.1%
|
51.2%
|
58.8%
|
35.7
|
71.7%
|
73.4
|
Unpleasant relationships |
7.6%
|
13.3%
|
7.1%
|
11.4%
|
8.8%
|
17.3
|
3.6%
|
4.1
|
Sometimes pleasant, sometime unpleasant |
37.4%
|
37.9%
|
39.6%
|
35.5%
|
32.4%
|
42.9
|
22.9%
|
21.7
|
Don't Know/No answer |
1.6%
|
2.5%
|
2.2%
|
1.9%
|
0.0%
|
4.1
|
2.2%
|
0.8
|
What is your opinion about the following statement: In order to strengthen the support for peace among the Israelis and Palestinians the relationships between the two people should be depended in all areas. (Source: JMCC/Steinmetz Poll, December 1997)
|
Palestinian Area
|
|
|
|
Total
|
West Bank
|
Gaza Strip
|
Total
|
|
Strongly agree |
9.9%
|
7.0%
|
15.1%
|
38.3%
|
Agree |
55.4%
|
58.8%
|
49.3%
|
38.7%
|
Disagree |
21.7%
|
22.1%
|
20.9%
|
11.5%
|
Strongly disagree |
9.1%
|
7.2%
|
12.7%
|
6.3%
|
No answer |
3.9%
|
4.9%
|
2.0%
|
5.3%
|
What about if a Palestinian state is estabished, would you still say that the relationship between the two peoples should not be strengthened? (Source: JMCC/Steinmetz Poll, December 1997)
|
|||
|
|
|
|
Yes |
69.3%
|
66.2%
|
74.3%
|
No |
26.8%
|
29.8%
|
22.1%
|
No answer |
3.9%
|
4.0%
|
3.6%
|
Now I am going to show you a list of characteristics that could be used to describe the Israelis (Palestinians), using the following scale (show scale), please indicate how you describe the Israelis (Palestinians): (Source: JMCC/Steinmetz Poll)
- Violent:
Total (2/99)
|
Total (12/00)
|
West Bank (2/99)
|
West Bank (12/00)
|
Gaza Strip (2/99)
|
Gaza Strip (12/00)
|
Total (2/99)
|
Total (12/00)
|
|
1. Non-Violent |
4.7
|
1.9
|
3.5
|
2.8
|
6.8
|
0.5
|
9.6
|
8.9
|
2. |
3.7
|
1.6
|
2.8
|
2.2
|
5.2
|
0.5
|
8.6
|
6.1
|
3. |
16.0
|
1.3
|
16.8
|
1.6
|
16.8
|
0.7
|
33.0
|
17.8
|
4. |
17.9
|
6.9
|
23.0
|
7.5
|
23.0
|
5.9
|
15.1
|
16.4
|
5. Violent |
57.6
|
87.5
|
48.2
|
85.1
|
48.2
|
91.6
|
20.5
|
46.2
|
No answer |
0.1
|
0.8
|
0.1
|
0.8
|
0.0
|
0.8
|
12.7
|
4.5
|
- Honest:
|
|
|
Palestinian Area
|
|
|
|
PA
|
|
|
Total (12/97)
|
Total (2/99)
|
Total (12/00)
|
West Bank (12/97)
|
West Bank (2/99)
|
West Bank (12/00)
|
Gaza Strip (12/97)
|
Gaza Strip (2/99)
|
Gaza Strip (12/00)
|
|
1. Dishonest |
53.4%
|
50.0
|
70.9
|
54.4%
|
49.5
|
66.5
|
51.7%
|
7.0
|
78.4
|
2. |
8.9%
|
17.0
|
10.9
|
9.8%
|
17.1
|
13.2
|
7.5%
|
8.2
|
7.0
|
3. |
17.7%
|
17.2
|
6.3
|
18.1%
|
18.4
|
6.5
|
17.1%
|
23.0
|
5.9
|
4. |
7.8%
|
7.7
|
3.0
|
6.2%
|
7.0
|
4.1
|
10.6%
|
26.1
|
1.1
|
5. Honest |
10.2%
|
8.1
|
7.8
|
9.9%
|
7.9
|
8.6
|
10.8%
|
35.2
|
6.6
|
No answer |
2.0%
|
0.0
|
1.1
|
1.6%
|
0.1
|
1.1
|
2.3%
|
0.0
|
1.0
|
- Intelligent:
|
|
Palestinian Area
|
|
|
|
|
Total (12/97)
|
Total (2/99)
|
West Bank (12/97)
|
West Bank (2/99)
|
Gaza Strip (12/97)
|
Gaza Strip (2/99)
|
|
1. Unintelligent |
7.8%
|
7.9
|
7.7%
|
8.4
|
7.9%
|
7.0
|
2. |
4.0%
|
7.7
|
4.3%
|
7.4
|
3.4%
|
8.2
|
3. |
16.4%
|
20.3
|
16.6%
|
18.8
|
15.9%
|
23.0
|
4. |
16.6%
|
22.9
|
17.4%
|
21.0
|
15.1%
|
26.1
|
5. Intelligent |
54.3%
|
41.0
|
53.2%
|
44.4
|
56.3%
|
35.2
|
No answer |
0.9%
|
0.2
|
0.8%
|
0.0
|
1.4%
|
0.5
|
Strong:
|
Palestinian Total (12/00)
|
West Bank (12/00)
|
Gaza Strip (12/00)
|
|
|
|
|
Weak |
14.9
|
15.7
|
13.6
|
8.3
|
7.1
|
10.5
|
|
In between |
16.6
|
17.9
|
14.3
|
16.3
|
16.1
|
16.8
|
|
Strong |
42.8
|
42.2
|
43.9
|
Don't know |
1.1
|
1.0
|
0.9
|
Questions asked only of Palestinians
On a scale of 1 through 5, how would you evaluate your proficiency in the Hebrew language? (Source: JMCC Poll, August 1999)
Compromise
|
|
|
|
I know nothing at all (1) |
68.2
|
67.9
|
68.9
|
I don't know (2) |
8.8
|
10.5
|
5.7
|
In between (3) |
11.9
|
11.8
|
12.1
|
I know a little (4) |
5.3
|
4.8
|
5.9
|
Fluent (5) |
5.3
|
4.5
|
6.9
|
No answer |
0.5
|
0.5
|
0.5
|
Conversation
|
|
|
|
I know nothing at all (1) |
69.3
|
69.5
|
69.1
|
I don't know (2) |
9.3
|
9.7
|
8.7
|
In between (3) |
10.1
|
9.7
|
10.8
|
I know a little (4) |
4.9
|
4.7
|
5.3
|
Fluent (5) |
5.2
|
4.7
|
5.9
|
No answer |
1.2
|
1.7
|
0.2
|
Reading
|
|
|
|
I know nothing at all (1) |
79.0
|
80.7
|
76.0
|
I don't know (2) |
7.2
|
6.0
|
9.3
|
In between (3) |
6.6
|
5.8
|
8.0
|
I know a little (4) |
3.1
|
3.1
|
3.0
|
Fluent (5) |
3.7
|
3.9
|
3.2
|
No answer |
0.4
|
0.5
|
0.5
|
Writing
|
|
|
|
I know nothing at all (1) |
80.0
|
82.4
|
77.8
|
I don't know (2) |
6.0
|
4.3
|
9.2
|
In between (3) |
6.1
|
5.6
|
7.0
|
I know a little (4) |
2.7
|
2.8
|
2.5
|
Fluent (5) |
3.8
|
4.2
|
3.0
|
No answer |
0.6
|
0.7
|
0.5
|
When do you usually use the Hebrew Language? (Source: JMCC Poll, August 1999)
|
|
|
|
To watch TV |
8.5
|
6.2
|
12.6
|
Liten to the radio |
0.3
|
0.5
|
0.0
|
Read the newspapers |
0.3
|
0.4
|
0.0
|
For official bureaucratic issues |
2.3
|
3.4
|
0.5
|
Working needs |
17.3
|
19.4
|
13.7
|
Chat with friends/social issues |
1.8
|
2.3
|
0.9
|
Follow up cultural events/ movies |
2.3
|
2.2
|
2.3
|
Others |
2.5
|
2.7
|
2.3
|
No answer |
64.7
|
62.9
|
67.7
|