Breakthrough Dividend: Israeli Innovations in Biotechnology That Could Benefit Americans
by Dr. Irvin M. Asher
AS WE START
An Introduction
Methodology
Back to the Future
Making Semantics Pay
A Pragmatic Choice
How Many Biotechnology Companies in Israel?
Slicing Up the Pie
3. Biotechnology in the U.S. and Israel: An Overview
U.S. Biotechnology
Israel Biotechnology
Of Doctors and Farmers
The U.S.-Israel Science and Technology Commission Report
The U.S.-Israel Biotechnology Council
American and Israeli Views
Who Benefits?
SCIENCE IN ISRAEL
Universities and Research Centers
Where Does the Money Come From?
The R&D Continuum
Overview
Ministry of Science and the Arts (MOSA)
Ministry of Industry and Trade (MIT)
Government Policy Initiatives
National Committee for Biotechnology (NCB)
MATIMOP
Other
U.S.-Israel Binational Foundations (BSF, BARD, BIRD)
U.S.-Israel Binational Programs (CDR, CDP, MERC)
Direct U.S. Government Contracts and Grants
WHAT'S NEW?
An Overview
A Quick Start
Looking Ahead
Cancer Diagnostics
Other Diagnostics
In Industry
13. Pharmaceuticals and Vaccines
A Full Medicine Chest
Biotechnological Therapeutics
Cardiovascular Therapeutics
In Industry
Enzymes and Endogenous Active Proteins
In Industry
15. Immunoactive Agents and Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy
In Industry
Overview
Genetic Manipulation
In Industry
Plant Diagnostics
Plant Protection
Propagation and Tissue Culture
Overview Genetic Manipulation
Therapeutics and Vaccines
Diagnostics
SPECIAL TOPICS
Connections Needed
Green Apples
21. Clinical Trials, GCP's and GCO's
Drug Registration
Why Israel?
So What's the Holdup?
The GCP's
What Needs to be Done?
APPENDICES
TABLES AND FIGURES
FIGURE 1. THE ISRAELI RESEARCH CONTINUUM
Table 1. What Is Biotechnology?
Table 2. Biotechnology: Simplified Conceptualization
Table 3. Biotechnology: A Pragmatic Classification
Table 4. Distribution of Israeli IHE Students by Degree (1993)
Table 5. Distribution of Israeli Students by IHE (1993)
Table 6. Biotechnology in Israeli Academia
Table 7. Who Carries Out Research?
Table 8. Who Pays?
Table 9. Israeli University Support Organizations
Table 10. Israel Biotechnology Firms (from the Israel National Committee for Biotechnology) Directory of Israel Biotechnologists (1994)
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