Bookstore Glossary Library Links News Publications Timeline Virtual Israel Experience
Anti-Semitism Biography History Holocaust Israel Israel Education Myths & Facts Politics Religion Travel US & Israel Vital Stats Women
donate subscribe Contact About Home

The Jewish Virtual Library - Acknowledgements

The Jewish Virtual Library would not be possible without the help of many individuals and organizations. The support of the Board of Directors of the American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise has made this and AICE's other projects a great success.

The Board consists of:

Howard Rosenbloom, President
Dr. Arthur S. Bard, Vice President
Norman Goldstein, Secretary/Treasurer
Mitchell G. Bard, Executive Director
 

This web site is made possible thanks to the generous support of many donors, including the Ben & Esther Rosenbloom Foundation, the Dorot Foundation, the Children of Harvey M. and Lynn Meyerhoff Fund, the Jesselson Foundation, the Charles & Lynn Schusterman Family Foundation, Belz Enterprises, Larry & Barbi Weinberg, the Morris J. & Betty Kaplun Foundation and Joyce Saffir in memory of Harold Saffir.

The Library is also made possible (in part) by funds granted by the Charles H. Revson Foundation. The statements made and views expressed, however, are solely the responsibility of the authors.

The Holocaust Wing was supported in the past by a generous grant from the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany

Additional Credits:

While much of the material in the Jewish Virtual Library was created by AICE, we have been fortunate to receive permission to use information from a wide variety of sources. The generosity of these individuals and organizations has made an enormous contribution to our efforts to inform Jewish students. In particular, we'd like to thank:

Eliezer Abrahamson for his Great Jewish Leaders biographies.

Acquavella Galleries for permission to use their biography of Chaim Soutine.

AltFrankfurt.com for the use of pictures of Germany.

American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) and its media liaison Toby Dershowitz.

The American Jewish Historical Society (AJHS) and Dr. Michael Feldberg for use of their “Chapters in American Jewish History.

Amnesty International for permission to use their reports.

Krzysztof Antonczyk for permission to use material from The State Museum of Auschwitz-Birkenau.

A. Engler Anderson, who maintains a number of valuable sites, including Documents of Jewish Belief.

Jeff Aronson for permission to use maps from the Foundation for Middle East Peace site.

Melanie Aspey for permission to use the Nathan Rothschild bio from The Rothschild Archive.

Prof. Ben Austin for material from his The Holocaust\Shoah Page.

The Avalon Project, directed by William C. Fray and Lisa A. Spar at Yale.

Norman Barth and The Paris Pages for photos from Paris.

Daniel Barenboim for permission to use the Richard Haughton/Teldec photo of him from his site.

Myrna Baron for permission to use the American Jewish Identity Survey from the Center for Cultural Judaism site.

Jacques Bauland for permission to use photos from the Jebenhausen site.

Linda Downs-Bembury for trade statistics from MISER.

Dr. Aviva Ben-Ur for permission to use her article on Curacao.

Marcelo Benveniste for permission to use the photo of Temple Chalom from the Templo Chalom site.

Bergen County (NJ) Public Schools for permission to use photos from the Academy for the Advancement of Science and Technology website.

Leah Berkowitz for material regarding Jews in the civil war from her Jewish-American History site.

Lawrence Attard Bezzina for permission to use material from the Jewish Community of Malta site.

Ata Bilgili for permission to use his photo of the Achille Lauro.

Edwin Black for permission to use his article, "Could We Have Stopped Hitler?" and Joy Weinberg, managing editor of Reform Judaism Magazine.

Bob Bobic for permission to use a bio of Pius XII from the Pope Pious XII website

Robert I. Bradshaw for permission to use material from his Creationism and the Early Church site.

Seymour Brody for use of his material on American Jews from his web sites, Jewish Heroes and Heroines in America and Sixteen Jewish Recipients of the Congressional Medal of Honor.

Louis Bülow for use of biographies from his site on "The Saint from Auschwitz", material on Oskar Schindler from his Holocaust site and information on Klaus Barbie, Alois Brunner and the children of Izieu from that site.

Gary Burns for permission to use material from the Central Synagogue site.

Randall Bytwerk for permission to use six articles from the German Propaganda Archive.

The Catholic League for use of their articles related to Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust.

Claire Cevasco for permission to use material from the New York Jewish Week.

Chabad Prague for permission to use biographies of the Mharal and Nodah B'Yehudah from their Jewish Prague site.

Meir Chasan for permission to use material from the ATID EDI web site.

Heléne Cilliers for permission to use the photo of the Sammy Marks Museum from the Pretoria Online site.

Lynda Corey Claassen for permission to use the biography of Leo Szilard from the Mandeville Special Collections Library, University of California, San Diego.

The Coalition on the Environment and Jewish Life (COEJL) for permission to use material from its site.

Daniel Cohen for permission to use specific material from the Israeli Special Forces isayeret.com site.

Itzik Cohen for permission to use material from the Israeli Ministry of Finance site.

Mike Cohen for use of material from the Orthodox Union.

Nisso Cohen from IDC Israel for his review of the Israeli high-tech industry.

Greg Cole for permission to use material from the Beyond the Pale site.

Tim Crumrin for permission to use his article on the Jews of Indiana from his Conner Prairie site.

The Coordination Forum for Countering Antisemitism for permission to use their article on anti-Semitic trends.

Ester Csaky for permission to use material from her memorial to the Jews of Lublin site.

Gabriel Cwilich for permission to use his photos of Italy.

John de Bye for permission to use material from the History of Suriname.

Jono David for permission to use his photos from around the world and articles from The Jewish Magazine.

Melonee Davies for permission to use the Agnes Keleti photo from the Herald and Weekly Times Photographic Collection.

Moshe Denburg for his article on Jewish music from Jewish World Music.

Ruud Deurenberg for his article on the Lavi from the Aircraft of the World site.

David Dickerson for permission to use material from the Holocaust/Shoah pages of his site.

Pat Dimet for kind permission to use 10 biographies from the The Institute for the Translation of Hebrew Literature.

Dr. Allan Din for permission to use a photograph of Ilya Prigogine from the Geneva Research Collaboration.

Tim Dirks for material from his sight The Greatest Films.

Steve Dixon and the 70th Infantry Division Association for their material on POWs.

Colin Donovan for use of papal documents from the Eternal Word Television Network library.

Arieh Doobov for permission to use material from the World Jewish Congress (WJC) “Jewish Communities of the World” site.

Pawel Dorman for permission to use the map and photos from The Polish Jews site.

Professor John Drobnicki for permission to use his article on the soap allegations from The Nizkor Project.

George Duncan for permission to use material from his Women of the Third Reich site.

Michael Declan Dunn for permission to use the Zwartendijk bio from A Cybrary of the Holocaust, the remember.org site.

Kay Ecelbarger for permission to use the Montgomery County Library's article on Evaluating Internet Sites.

Rabbi Yechiel Eckstein for permission to use material from his book, What You Should Know About Jews and Judaism, and the International Fellowship of Christians and Jews site.

Dr. Rachel Ehrenfeld for permission to use her study on PA finances from the American Center of Democracy.

Jason & Leiah Elbaum for material from their Information Regarding Israel's Security (IRIS) site.

Rachel Elrom for permission to use David Raab's article from the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs site.

Leo Emanuel for permission to use photos of the Grand Synagogue of Paris from the French site.

Stephen Epstein of Stephen Epstein/Big Dipper Communications for use of his photos of Poland from the March of the Living.

David Ezrets for use of material from his Aezrets site.

Dr. Stephen Feinstein for permission to use material from the University of Minnesota's Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies.

Pamela Feltus for permission to use material from the National Museum of American Jewish Military History.

Chuck Ferree for material about the Holocaust from his Forgotten Camps site.

Walter Field for permission to use material from his Dor LeDor site.

Friedrich Fischer for permission to use photos and material on the Baden synagogue from the Jewish Community of Baden site.

James Fish for his material on the White Rose.

Simon Fisher for permission to use the logo from the SACH site for our article on Save a Child's Heart.

Shirley Flaum for permission to use material from her ShtetLinks Site for Lodz.

Tzvi Fleischer, editor of The Review of the Australia/Israel & Jewish Affairs Council (AIJAC) for permission to reprint articles.

Steven Fransblow for material on the March of Living from the Canadian march site.

Alan Freedman for permission to use material from the New York Jewish Sports Hall of Fame.

Ilan Friedman for photos from MidEastTruth.

Dr. Motti Friedman for material from The Pedagogic Center.

Walter Gamba for permission to use his photo of Guimard’s Synagogue from his site.

Lajos Gelencser for permission to use material from the Tourism Office of Budapest site.

Raymond Geselbracht for assistance with the use of original documents from the Israel at 50 exhibit at the Harry S. Truman Library & Museum.

Seth Goddard for permission to use the profile of Oskar Schindler from the Life Magazine Hall of Heroes web site.

Edward Goldberg and the board of the Medici Archive Project for permission to use material from their site.

Rabbi Yochonon Goldman for permission to use photos of Congregation B'nai Abraham.

Pinchas Goldschmidt for permission to use photos of the Moscow Choral Synagogue from the All About Judaism in the CIS site.

Ron Greene for material on the remarkable story of Chiune and Yukiko Sugihara.

Philip Greenspun for permission to use his photos of Germany from www.photo.net.

Sabine Griffel of the Belgian Tourist Office for permission to use their photos.

Michael Grunberger and the The Library of Congress for permission to put the Judaic treasures of the library online.

Dr. Mahdi Abdul Hadi and Mahmoud Abu Rmileh for use of material and photos from the PASSIA: Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs site.

Tjerk H. Halbertsma for permission to use the biography of Tobias Michael Carel Asser from the T.M.C. Asser Institute site.

Hillel Halkin and Andrew Silow-Carroll for permission to reprint the Philologos column on the Western Wall from the Forward.

Dr. Paul Harrison for permission to use his biography of Spinoza from his Scientific Pantheism site.

Rudolf Haunschmied for material from his KZ Mauthausen-GUSEN Info-Pages.

Ed Haynes for use of material regarding the Arab League from his League of Arab States site.

Jack Hazut and J.H.M. Photography for use of his photographs of Israel.

Dr. Mark Heller for permission to reprint Tel Aviv Notes from the Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies

Stuart E. Hersh, Publisher/Middle East Bureau Chief of the Middle East News Service for providing many historical documents.

Aaron Hertzman for the use of his photographs of Worms, Germany.

Richard Hines and Richard Hooker of Washington State University for use of material from Dr. Hooker's site, The Hebrews: A Learning Module.

The Holocaust Memorial Center and its Founder and Executive Vice President Rabbi Charles Rosenzveig.

Morton Horvitz for permission to reproduce GIs Remember from the National Museum of American Jewish Military History.

Brian Houghton for use of material from The Terrorism Research Center.

Alan Humm for use of his photographs relating to Germany.

The Institute for Jewish Culture for permission to use the photo of Aron Isak.

Ami Isseroff for permission to use maps from MidEastweb.

The Israeli Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Immigrant Absorption.

Waleed Jayyousi for permission to use his map and information on Tulkarm from his Welcome To Tulkarm site.

The The Jewish Federation of Greater Washington for permission to reprint their history.

The Jewish Reconstructionists Federation.

The Joint Authority for Jewish Zionist Education in the Diaspora in Canada.

Jan de Jong for permission to reprint maps from the Foundation for Middle East Peace site.

Raissa Jose and Bruce DuMont for permission to use biographies from the Museum of Broadcast Communications and Radio Hall of Fame.

The Juedisches Museum Worms for permission to use materials from their website.

Eytan Kahn for permission to use photos from his Pitigliano site.

Toni Kamins for permission to use her article on Strasbourg from the Complete Jewish Guides.

Dan Kantor for permission to use material on the Jewish Community of Helsinki.

Phillip Kapusta for permission to use drawings of the Ark of the Covenant.

Federico Karpeles for permission to use photos from his Pictures of Argentina site.

Ira Kasdan for permission to use articles from Jewish Law.

Michelle Katz for permission to use material from UN Watch.

Yael Katz for permission to use her biography of Shlomo Carlebach from her site.

Joan Keller and Thomas Longstaff for permission to use an article on Sepphoris from the Colby College religious studies site on the University of South Florida's excavations in Israel.

John Kent for permission to use the photo of the F-35 from the Lockheed Martin site.

Daniel Keren for use of his materials related to Holocaust denial.

Jonathan Kessler for permission to use material from the Middle East Insight magazine and web site.

Rolland Kidder for permission to use the bio and photo of Justice Jackson from the Robert H. Jackson Center.

L.C. Killin for contributing his father's photos of the Liberation of Buchenwald.

Dan Klajmic for his material on Rav Kook.

Kevin Knight for permission to use material from his Catholic Encyclopedia web site project.

Andrew Kobos for permission to use photos from his Shoah - The Holocaust site.

Prof. David Koeller for permission to use material from North Park University's WebChronology Project.

Nora Korc-Baum for permission to print the IMF report on the West Bank and Gaza Strip economy.

Stepan Kovarik for permission to use material from the Jewish Museum in Prague site.

Rachel Kranson for permission to use material from The Israel Association for Ethiopian Jews (IAEJ) site.

Haig A. Krikorian, President Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem Support Organization, for permission to use the article on the Armenian Quarter from the Armenians in the Holy Land site.

Steven Kronenberg for permission to use photos from the Jewish Italy site.

Tomasz Kuncewicz for permission to use synagogue photos from the Auschwitz Jewish Center Foundation.

Martin Kunoff for permission to use material on the United Synagogue for Conservative Judaism from their site.

Ellen Landweber for permission to use materials from her book To Save a Life: Stories of Holocaust Rescue.

Raphael Langhamfor permission to use the chronology from the Jewish Historical Society of England.

Prof. Yehuda Lapidot for permission to use material from his comprehensive history of the Irgun found on The Irgun Site.

Brian Large for photos of synagogues in Germany.

Dave Lednicer for permission to use material on Israeli air victories and aces from the Elevon: Aviation on the Internet site.

Yehezkel Lein for permission to use the settlements map from B'Tselem.

Rabbi Mark Levine, Executive Editor, for permission to use material from Sparks!, an e-zine for Jewish families.

Rabbi Shlomo Ben Levy for permission to reprint his essay on the Black Jewish community from his Black Jews, Hebrews and Israelites site.

Ken Lewis for permission to use material from his The Einsatzgruppen site.

Simon Lewis for permission to use material from Jewish Ireland.

Sylvie Lietart for permission to use material from the Belgian Tourist Office.

Nancy Lin from NYU Press for permission to use their bio of Serge Klarsfeld.

Heather Lindsey for permission to use the photo of Leo Szilard from the AIP Emilio Segre Visual Archives of the Center for History of Physics.

David Lipman for permission to use material from his Gates to Jewish Heritage site.

Jonathan Lipczer for permission to use the photo of the Ilford synagogue from the synagogue's web site.

Rabbi Yitzi Loewenthal for permission to use the bio of the Rebbe from Chabad Denmark.

Massimo Maggini for permission to use photos of Livorno from the Associazione LinguaNova site.

Henry Magrill for permissionto use photos and history of the New West End Synagogue.

Tom Mani and Ken Poch for permission to use Poch's article on Jews buried at Arlington National Cemetery from the official cemetery web site.

Edward S. Marek for permission to use photos from his sight Your Dot Com for Africs.

Stephani Margolin for permission to use biographies of Nazi's from the Routledge site.

Dawn Marie for permission to use the biography of Theda Bara from her Bombshells.com site.

Marina Markus for permission to use the articles and photos from The Israeli Mosaic site.

Sarit Marorstein for permission from the Jabotinsky Institute to use their photo of Avraham Stern.

Michelle Mason for permission to use material from MyJewishLearning.com.

Rufina Bernardetti Silva Mausenbaum for permission to use the article on the Jews of Mozambique from the Saudades web site.

Lorry May for permission to use photos from Anna Sokolow's Player's Project.

Igna Mayzeles for permission to use photos of the Bnai Israel synagogue from their web site.

Kostas Myrsiades, editor of the Journal of the Hellenic Diaspora, for permission to reprint the document on the Jews of Greece.

Jamie McCarthy for material on human skin atrocities from The Nizkor Project.

Evan Mendelson for her article on Jewish philanthropy from the Jewish Funders Network.

The Melbourne Hebrew Congregation for photos of Jewish life in Melbourne.

David Metzler for permission to use material he wrote on the lives of Per Anger and Raoul Wallenberg.

Mathew Meyer for use of material from his site about the Abayudaya Jews of Uganda.

Dr. John S. Micgiel, Co-Editor of Intermarium for permission to use articles from the journal.

Matt Miller for permission to use his material on the Israeli Navy.

Leslie Mirchin and Melissa Gopnik for permission to use material from the Jewish Women's Archive.

John Mooney for permission to reprint the U.S. Army pamphlet about Gunskirchen from his web site, The 71st Infantry at Gunskirchen Lager, Austria - 1945.

Joseph Morgenstern for his article on Israeli high tech from the Israel at 50 site.

Marlene Mossek for permission to use the executive summary of the Center for Monitoring the Impact on Peace (CMIP) study on Palestinian textbooks.

Nicolas Natteau for permission to use material from his site on World War II.

David Navarro for permission to use his Germany photos.

Near East Report and its Editor Rafi Danziger.

Larry Nelson and Benyamin Pilant for use of the JPS Bible from the Breslov site.

Dr. Michael Nevins for material on medicine from the Jewish Medical History—Chevra/SIG site.

Prof. John Nicols for permission to use maps on the Ancient Mideast from his Historic Atlas Resource.

The Nizkor Project and its Director Kenneth McVay.

Dani Novak for permission to use a chapter from his mother's book, When Heaven's Vault Cracked.

Joe November for permission to use his materials.

John O' Conner for permission to use the Niels Bohr bio from the School of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of St. Andrews, Scotland.

Ella Ogden for permission to use material on the St. Thomas Synagogue from tis site.

Udi & Mal Ohana for permission to use their History in a Nutshell presentations from their Concept Wizard site.

Dr Norman Ospovat for permission to use information and photos about the Gardens Shul from the Cape Town Hebrew Congregation site.

Maj. Erik Overby for permission to use the maps from the Department of History at the U.S. Military Academy.

Michael Parciak for permission to reprint the Janusz Korczak biography from the Janusz Korczak Communication Center.

Daniel Pipes, director of the Middle East Forum, for permission to use his material.

Keith Posner for permission to use material on the Jewish Community of Trentino-Alto Adige.

Alexandre Przopiorski for permission to use photos of synagogues from his site.

Jonas Quastel for permission to use the Abie Nathan bio from his Abie Nathan and the Peace Ship site.

The Israeli Prime Minister's Office and Michael Stoltz.

The Palestine Information Center for material on Hamas.

The Religious Action Center and Associate Director Mark Pelavin.

Moshe Raichman for maps from The Jewish Connection.

Rafael Raj for permission to use photos from his site History of the Jews in Hungary.

Deana Ramos for permission to use material on Jews in Portugal from the Portuguese National Tourist Office.

M.L. Rapaport for permission to use the biographies from the Moreshet Mordechai Anilevich Memorial.

Ruth Reingold for permission to use recipes from her Ruth's Kitchen site.

Shmuel Resiman for permission to reprint the article on the Liberty from Azure: Ideas for the Jewish Nation.

Rabbi Leibel Reznick for permission to use photos of Robinson's Arch from the Holy Land Photos site.

Heinz Riemer for permission to use photos of Vienna from Views of Vienna.

Tracey Rich for allowing us to use material from her wonderful Judaism 101 site.

David Richter for permission to use his photo of the Stephen Wise Free Synagogue from the synagogue site.

Daniel Rogov for permission to use his recipes and articles on food from Rogov's Ramblings and the Israeli Foreign Ministry.

Jennifer Rosenberg for her excellent articles on the St. Louis and the Lodz Ghetto at The Mining Company.

Prof. Bruce Rosenstock of UC Davis for material from his introduction to Judaism.

Mike Rosenzweig for permission to use material from his Jewish-Polish Heritage site.

Deborarh Ross for permission to use recipes from the B. Manischewitz Company.

Maria Helena Rowell for permission to use the bio of Freud from The Freud Page.

Oren Rozen for material on the Israeli Air Force from his unofficial Israeli Air Force site.

Michelle Russel-Capriles for permission to use material on Jews in Curacao from her site.

Rob Satloff for permission to use the Washington Institute for Near East Policy's article on the Temple Mount.

Lee Saunders for permission to use the Odessa article from "The Puzzle" project and Crystal Music International.

Rabbi Amy Scheinerman for permission to use material on Judaism from her site.

Lenn Schramm for his article on the Rabin assassination and other material from the Israel Yearbook & Almanac.

Goldie for permission to use material from her Scrap Book Pages.

Dr. Horst Seferens for permission to use material from the Sachsenhausen museum site.

Prof. Eliezer Segal for material from his site with course materials from the University of Calgary.

Shoshan Selavan for permission to use text and photos from the Jewish Quarter Jerusalem site.

Gitta Sereny for permission to use her article on children of the Holocaust.

Edward Serotta for his photographs of synagogues around the world.

Shamash and its web maven Daniel Faigin.

Inon Shampanier for permission to use the etchings by Dora Shampanier from the collection "Synagogues In Glory & In Ruins."

Arie Shenar for permission to use the description of the Kibbutz Artzi community from the organization's site.

Alan Sherman for permission to use material from the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame.

Orna Shtauber for permission to use material from the The Jabotinsky Institute in Israel site.

The webmaster of the Shilo site for permission to use material on the city and ruins.

John Simkin for permission to use material from the Spartacus Educational web site.

Michael Sinclair for permission to use his article on the Dreyfus Affair from his site.

Barry Small, Director of the The Institute for Jewish Medical Ethics and Dr. Daniel Eisenberg, one of the contributors to IJME, for permission to use articles related to Jewish medical ethics.

Prof. Mahlon Smith for permission to use the map of Israel from his site Into His Own.

Richard Smith for permission to use photos from the Jews of Cuba site.

Frank Smitha for permission to use maps from his World History site.

Judith Sokoloff, editor of Na'amat Magazine, for permission to use material from the publication.

Stanlee Stahl for permission to use selected bios from the The Jewish Foundation for the Righteous.

Rabbi Samuel M. Stahl for permission to excerpt his sermon on Mendelssohn from the Temple Beth-El site.

Michael Starr and Karen Klestzick for permission to use “The Sacred Cluster: The Core Values of Conservative Judaism,” and other material from the Jewish Theological Seminary of America site.

Nikos Stavrolakis for permission to use photos and materials from A Short History of the Jews of Greece.

Andrew Stewart for permission to use material from the UC Berkeley and Santa Barbara Tel Dor Archaeological Expedition.

James Still for permission to use articles from Internet Infidels.

Theresa Guzman Stokes for permission to use her article on Rhode Island's Jewish community from her site Eyes of Glory, 200 Years of an Ethnic American family.

Edzioni Storti for permission to use photographs of Italian synagogues from Jews and Synagogues. EdizioniStorti Venezia. 1999.

Marcelo Strauch for permission to use photos from his site Jewish Temples from Argentina.

Terry Sullivan for material on the peace process from his Camp David Accords — Framework for Peace site.

The Sydney Great Synagogue for permission to use materials about Jewish life in Sydney.

Gary Szendzielarz for permission to use the Kafka biography and photos from the Jewish Prague by Tom's Travel site.

Hakim Talbi for permission to use his photo of the Constantine synagogue in Algeria.

Mark Talisman for use of material and particularly his photographs of Prague and Terezin from the Project Judaica Foundation site.

Rabbi Joseph Telushkin for his generosity in allowing us to quote from his seminal work, Jewish Literacy.

The editors of Torah.Net for permission to reprint their brachot page.

Traveleurope Italy for permission to use photos from their site.

Udi Tsur for permission to use material from the Israel Export Institute.

Anya Verkhovskaya for permission to use material from the Heritage Films site.

Edward Victor for permission to use material from his Judaica Philatelic Resources site.

Victoria for permission to use her Modigliani bio from her A dozen lilacs in a shoebox site.

Fritz Voll for permission to use Rudiger Lux's biography of Franz Rosenzweig from the Jewish-Christian Relations site.

Miryam Z. Wahrman for permission to use articles she wrote on medical issues relating to women and Judaism.

Jonathan Wallace for material from An Auschwitz Alphabet.

Steve Walz for permission to use material on Zaka from the International Media Placement, Guide for Jewish Giving in Israel, 2002.

Jason “Mad Ace” Wides for use of photos from his Mad Ace Aviation site.

The Simon Wiesenthal Center and its Associate Dean Rabbi Abraham Cooper.

David Wilder for photos and text from the Jewish community of Hebron.

Dean Wingrin for his descriptions of Israeli air bases.

James Winter and PhotoArts for permission to use photos of the Venice cemetery from The Jewish Cemetery at Lido of Venice site.

Tomasz Wisniewski for permission to use his photos from the Synagogues in Poland site and his Turn-of-the-century postcards site.

The World Zionist Organization Student and Academics Department and its director Eli Birnbaum.

Yad Vashem for permission to use documents and profiles of rescuers from its web site.

Mel Wacks for permission to use material from the Jewish Museum in Cyberspace.

The webmaster of Israeli Weapons for permission to use photos and material from the site.

Rabbi Avi Weinstein, Director, Hillel's Joseph Meyerhoff Center for Jewish Learning for permission to use his text studies.

Mary Wright for permission to use articles on Mengele and Munch from the Candles web site.

Murat Yashin for permission to use the article on The History of Turkish Jews from the Mersina web site.

Don Zhou for permission to use the biography of Count Folke Bernadotte from the Folke Bernadotte Memorial Library.

Yael Zisling for permission to use material from the Gems in Israel site.

Professor Jeffrey Zorn for permission to use his article on Tell en-Nabeh.

Karel Zova for permission to use the article on Jews in Estonia from the Estonian Institute site.

Samuel Zwetchkenbaum for permission to use material from his Famous Portraits on the Stamps of Israel site.
 

As the Jewish Virtual Library grows, so will this list, so please come back periodically to see who deserves credit for making the site such an extraordinary resource.