CARL DJERASSI, Stanford University, Stanford, U.S.A., for his work in bioorganic chemistry, application of new spectroscopic techniques, and his support of international cooperation.

HERMAN F. MARK, Polytechnic Institute of New York, N.Y., U.S.A., for his contributions to understanding the structure and behavior of natural and synthetic polymers.

HENRY EYRING, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, U.S.A., for his development of absolute rate theory and its imaginative applications to chemical and physical processes.

JOSEPH CHATT, University of Sussex, Brighton, U.K., for pioneering and fundamental contributions to synthetic transition metal chemistry, particularly transition metal hydrides and dinitrogen complexes.

JOHN C. POLANYI, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, for his studies of chemical reactions in unprecedented detail by developing the infrared chemiluminiscence technique, and for envisaging the chemical laser, and GEORGE C. PIMENTEL, University of California, Berkeley, U.S.A., for development of matrix isolation spectroscopy and for the discovery of photodissociation lasers and chemical lasers.

HERBERT S. GUTOWSKY, University of Illinois, Urbana, U.S.A., for his pioneering work in the development and applications of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in chemistry; HARDEN M. McCONNELL, Stanford University, Stanford, U.S.A., for his studies of the electronic structure of molecules through paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and for the introduction and biological applications of spin label techniques, and JOHN A. WAUGH, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, U.S.A., for his fundamental theoretical and experimental contributions to high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in solids.

RUDOLPH A. MARCUS, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, U.S.A., for his contributions to chemical kinetics, especially the theories of unimolecular reactions and electron transfer reactions.

ELIAS JAMES COREY, Harvard University, Cambridge, U.S.A., for outstanding research on the synthesis of many highly complex natural products and the demonstration of novel ways of thinking about such syntheses. ALBERT ESCHENMOSER, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland, for outstanding research on the synthesis, stereochemistry and reaction mechanisms for formation of natural products, especially Vitamin-B12.

Sir DAVID C. PHILLIPS, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K., and DAVID M. BLOW, Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, U.K., for their contributions to protein X-ray crystallography and to the elucidation of structures of enzymes and their mechanisms of action.

JOSHUA JORTNER, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, and RAPHAEL DAVID LEVINE, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel, for their incisive theoretical studies elucidating energy acquisition and disposal in molecular systems and mechanisms for dynamical selectivity and specificity.

DUILIO ARIGONI, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland, and ALAN R. BATTERSBY, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K., for their fundamental contributions to the elucidation of the mechanism of enzymic reactions and of the biosynthesis of natural products, in particular the pigments of life.

RICHARD R. ERNST, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland, for his revolutionary contributions to NMR spectroscopy, especially Fourier-transform and two-dimensional NMR, and ALEXANDER PINES, University of California, Berkeley, U.S.A., for his revolutionary contributions to NMR spectroscopy, especially multiple-quantum and high-spin NMR.

JOHN A. POPLE, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, U.S.A., for his outstanding contributions to theoretical chemistry, particularly in developing effective and widely used modern quantum- chemical methods.

AHMED H. ZEWAIL, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, U.S.A., for pioneering the development of laser femtochemistry. Using lasers and molecular beams, femtochemistry has made it now possible to probe the evolution of chemical reactions as they actually happen in real time.

RICHARD A. LERNER, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, U.S.A.; and PETER G. SCHULTZ, University of California, Berkeley, U.S.A., for converting antibodies into enzymes, thus permitting the catalysis of chemical reactions considered impossible to achieve by classical chemical procedures.

GILBERT STORK, Columbia University, N.Y., U.S.A., and SAMUEL J. DANISHEFSKY, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, and Columbia University, N.Y., U.S.A., for designing and developing novel chemical reactions which have opened new avenues to the synthesis of complex molecules, particularly polysaccharides and many other biologically and medicinally important compounds.

GERHARD ERTL, Fritz-Haber Institute, Berlin, Germany, and GABOR A. SOMORJAI, University of California, and Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, California, U.S.A., for their outstanding contributions to the field of the surface science in general, and for their elucidation of fundamental mechanisms of heterogeneous catalytic reactions at single crystal surfaces in particular.

RAYMOND U. LEMIEUX, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, for his fundamental and seminal contributions to the study and synthesis of oligosaccharides and to the elucidation of their role in molecular recognition in biological systems.

F. ALBERT COTTON, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA, for opening up an entirely new phase of transition metal chemistry based on pairs and clusters of metal atoms directly linked by single or multiple bonds.

HENRI B. KAGAN, University Paris-South, Paris, France; RYOJI NOYORI, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; and K. BARRY SHARPLESS, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA, for their pioneering, creative and crucial work in developing asymmetric catalysis for the synthesis of chiral molecules, greatly increasing mankind's ability to create new products of fundamental and practical importance.

HARRY B. GRAY, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA,  for pioneering work in bio-inorganic chemistry, unravelling novel principles of structure and long-range electron transfer in proteins.

RICHARD N. ZARE, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA, for his ingenious applications of laser techniques, for identifying complex mechanisms.

ADA YONATH, Wiezmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, and GEORGE FEHER, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA, for ingenious structural discoveries of the ribosomal machinery of peptide-bond formation and the light-driven primary processes in photosynthesis.

WILLIAM E. MOERNER, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA, and ALLEN BARD, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA, for the ingenious creation of a new field of science, single molecule spectroscopy and electrochemistry, with impact at the nanoscopic regime, from the molecular and cellular domain to complex material systems.

STUART A. RICE, Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; CHING TANG, Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; and KRZYSZTOF MATYJASZEWSKI, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; for deep creative contributions to the chemical sciences in the field of synthesis, properties and an understanding of organic materials.