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CIA Factbook: West Bank
The Israel-PLO Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements (the DOP), signed in Washington on 13 September 1993, provided for a transitional period not exceeding five years of Palestinian interim self-government in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. Under the DOP, Israel agreed to transfer certain powers and responsibilities to the Palestinian Authority, which includes the Palestinian Legislative Council elected in January 1996, as part of the interim self-governing arrangements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. A transfer of powers and responsibilities for the Gaza Strip and Jericho took place pursuant to the Israel-PLO 4 May 1994 Cairo Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area and in additional areas of the West Bank pursuant to the Israel-PLO 28 September 1995 Interim Agreement, the Israel-PLO 15 January 1997 Protocol Concerning Redeployment in Hebron, the Israel-PLO 23 October 1998 Wye River Memorandum, and the 4 September 1999 Sharm el-Sheikh Agreement. The DOP provides that Israel will retain responsibility during the transitional period for external and internal security and for public order of settlements and Israeli citizens. Direct negotiations to determine the permanent status of Gaza and West Bank that began in September 1999 after a three-year hiatus, were derailed by a second intifadah that broke out in September 2000. The resulting widespread violence in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, Israel's military response, and instability within the Palestinian Authority continue to undermine progress toward a permanent agreement. Following the death of longtime Palestinian leader Yasir ARAFAT in November 2004, the election of his successor Mahmud ABBAS in January 2005 could bring a turning point in the conflict. Location: Middle East, west of Jordan Geographic coordinates: 32 00 N, 35 15 E Map references: Middle East Area: Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Delaware Land boundaries: Coastline: 0 km (landlocked) Maritime claims: none (landlocked) Climate: temperate, temperature and precipitation vary with altitude, warm to hot summers, cool to mild winters Terrain: mostly rugged dissected upland, some vegetation in west, but barren in east Elevation extremes: Natural resources: arable land Land use: Irrigated land: NA sq km Natural hazards: droughts Environment - current issues: adequacy of fresh water supply; sewage treatment Geography - note:landlocked; highlands are main recharge area for Israel's coastal aquifers; there are 244 West Bank settlements and 29 East Jerusalem settlements in addition to at least 20 occupied outposts(August 2003 est.) Population: 2,311,204 Age structure: Median age: Population growth rate: 3.21% (2004 est.) Birth rate: 33.21 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) Death rate: 4.07 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) Net migration rate: 2.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) Sex ratio: Infant mortality rate: Life expectancy at birth: Total fertility rate: 4.52 children born/woman (2004 est.) HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: Nationality: Ethnic groups: Palestinian Arab and other 83%, Jewish 17% Religions: Muslim 75% (predominantly Sunni), Jewish 17%, Christian and other 8% Languages: Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Israeli settlers and many Palestinians), English (widely understood) Literacy:
Country name: Economy - overview: Real per capita GDP for the West Bank and Gaza Strip (WBGS) declined by about one-third between 1992 and 1996 due to the combined effect of falling aggregate incomes and rapid population growth. The downturn in economic activity was largely the result of Israeli closure policies - the imposition of border closures in response to security incidents in Israel - which disrupted labor and commodity market relationships between Israel and the WBGS. The most serious social effect of this downturn was rising unemployment, which in the WBGS during the 1980s was generally under 5%; by 1995 it had risen to over 20%. Israel's use of comprehensive closures during the next three years decreased and, in 1998, Israel implemented new policies to reduce the impact of closures and other security procedures on the movement of Palestinian goods and labor. These changes fueled an almost three-year-long economic recovery in the West Bank and Gaza Strip; real GDP grew by 5% in 1998 and 6% in 1999. Recovery was upended in the last quarter of 2000 with the outbreak of violence, which triggered tight Israeli closures of Palestinian self-rule areas and severely disrupted trade and labor movements. In 2001, and even more severely in 2002, Israeli military measures in Palestinian Authority areas resulted in the destruction of much capital plant and administrative structure, widespread business closures, and a sharp drop in GDP. Including Gaza Strip, the UN estimates that more than 100,000 Palestinians out of the 125,000 who used to work in Israel, in Israeli settlements, or in joint industrial zones have lost their jobs. In addition, about 80,000 Palestinian workers inside the Territories are losing their jobs. International aid of $2 billion in 2001-02 to the West Bank and Gaza Strip prevented the complete collapse of the economy. In 2004, on-going border issues and the death of Yasser ARAFAT continued to complicate the economic situation. GDP: $1.7 billion (2002 est.) GDP - real growth rate: -22% (2002 est.) GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $800 (2002 est.) GDP - composition by sector: Population below poverty line: 60% (2003 est.) Household income or consumption by percentage
share: Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.2% (includes Gaza Strip) (2001 est.) Labor force: NA Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 13%, industry 21%, services 66% (1996) Unemployment rate: 50% (includes Gaza Strip) (2002 est.) Budget: Industries: generally small family businesses that produce cement, textiles, soap, olive-wood carvings, and mother-of-pearl souvenirs; the Israelis have established some small-scale, modern industries in the settlements and industrial centers Industrial production growth rate: NA% Electricity - production: NA kWh; note - most electricity imported from Israel; East Jerusalem Electric Company buys and distributes electricity to Palestinians in East Jerusalem and its concession in the West Bank; the Israel Electric Company directly supplies electricity to most Jewish residents and military facilities; some Palestinian municipalities, such as Nablus and Janin, generate their own electricity from small power plants Electricity - production by source: Electricity - consumption: NA kWh Electricity - exports: NA kWh Electricity - imports: NA kWh Agriculture - products: olives, citrus, vegetables; beef, dairy products Exports: $603 million f.o.b., includes Gaza Strip Exports - commodities: olives, fruit, vegetables, limestone Exports - partners: Israel, Jordan, Gaza Strip Imports: $1.9 billion c.i.f., includes Gaza Strip Imports - commodities: food, consumer goods, construction materials Imports - partners: Israel, Jordan, Gaza Strip Debt - external: $108 million (includes Gaza Strip) (1997 est.) Economic aid - recipient: $2 billion (includes Gaza Strip) (2001-02 est.) Currency: new Israeli shekel (ILS); Jordanian dinar (JOD) Currency code: ILS; JOD Exchange rates:new Israeli shekels per US dollar - 4.5541 (2003), 4.7378 (2002), 4.2057 (2001), 4.0773 (2000), 4.1397 (1999); Jordanian dinars per US dollar - fixed rate of 0.7090 (from 1996) Fiscal year: calendar year (since 1 January 1992) Telephones - main lines in use: 301,600 (total for West Bank and Gaza Strip) (2002) Telephones - mobile cellular: 480,000 (cellular subscribers in both West Bank and Gaza Strip) (2003) Telephone system: Radio broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave
0 Television broadcast stations: NA Televisions: NA; note - many Palestinian households have televisions (1999) Internet country code: .ps Internet users: 145,000 (includes Gaza Strip) (2003) Highways: Ports and harbors: none Airports: 3 (2003 est.) Airports - with paved runways: Military branches: NA Military expenditures - dollar figure: $NA Military expenditures - percent of GDP: NA% Disputes - international: West Bank and Gaza Strip are Israeli-occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees (country of origin): 665,246 (Palestinian Refugees (UNRWA)) (2004) Source: CIA World Fact Book 2004 |
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![[Country map of West Bank]](/jsource/images/maps/wbmap.jpg)
