Exile After the Destruction of the Second Temple

The Jews revolted against Rome in 66 C.E. and, after four years of fighting, the Romans put down the rebellion in 70 C.E. and destroyed the Temple in Jerusalem. The Romans massacred much of the population. Though some Jews remained, most fled the country, beginning a two-thousand year odyssey in the Diaspora.
Source: The Land of Promise, Jerusalem: Israel Information Center, 2003